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作者：Miguel, E; Gugerty, MK
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
摘要：This paper examines ethnic diversity and local public goods in rural western Kenya. The identification strategy relies on the stable historically determined patterns of ethnic land settlement. Ethnic diversity is associated with lower primary school funding and worse school facilities, and there is suggestive evidence that it leads to poor water well maintenance. The theoretical model illustrates how inability to impose social sanctions in diverse communities leads to collective action failure...
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作者：Cox, D; Stark, O
作者单位：University of Bonn; Boston College; University of Klagenfurt; University of Vienna; University of Warsaw
摘要：It is argued that parents provide help with housing downpayments in order to encourage the production of grandchildren, and that such a subsidization emanates from the demonstration effect: a child's propensity to furnish parents with attention and care can be conditioned by parental example. Parents who desire such transfers in the future have an incentive to make transfers to their own parents in order to instill appropriate preferences in their children. This generates a derived demand for ...
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作者：Harvey, J
作者单位：University of York - UK
摘要：In a recent paper in this journal, Lambert et al. [J. Public Econ. 87 (2003) 1061] sought to establish the natural rate of subjective inequality (NRSI) hypothesis. Their statistical analysis, however, may have simply identified a relationship between the Gini coefficient and the Atkinson index, rather than confirm the existence of a NRSI. In this note, an approximate relationship between the Gini coefficient and Atkinson index is identified using simulation analysis. This finding does not appe...
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作者：Ravallion, M; Chen, SH
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：The possibility that poor households may prefer to save the income gains from a development project raises concerns about how well standard evaluation methods-using data collected over relatively short periods-can capture the true welfare impacts. By the widely used differencc-indifference method, the Southwest China Poverty Reduction Project had little current impact on the proportion of people in beneficiary villages consuming less than US$1/day-despite a public outlay of US$400 million. How...
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作者：Ruffle, BJ
作者单位：Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
摘要：A basic tenet in microeconomics is tax incidence equivalence, which holds that the burden of a unit tax on buyers and sellers is independent of who actually pays the tax. By contrast, policymakers and the public often mistake statutory incidence for economic incidence. Using competitive laboratory markets, I test both tax incidence equivalence and an analogous theorem for subsidies. For sufficiently large markets, the results show strong support for both theories; there is little to no evidenc...
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作者：Olken, BA
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：This paper estimates the equivalence scale revealed by discretionary community allocations of welfare benefits to poor households. I apply the proposed approach to a subsidized rice program in Indonesia in which villages designated program beneficiaries, and estimate the equivalence scale implicit in the beneficiaries they selected. I find that the revealed community equivalence scale for this program lies much closer to per capita expenditure than traditional demand-based equivalence scales, ...
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作者：Sinai, T; Waldfogel, J
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：A necessary condition for justifying a policy such as subsidized low-income housing, either via tenant-based rental assistance or construction of public or private projects, is that it has a real effect on market outcomes. In this paper, we examine one aspect of the real effect of subsidized housing-does it increase the housing stock? If subsidized housing raises the quantity of occupied housing per capita, either more people are finding housing or they are being housed less densely. On the ot...
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作者：Steinberg, R; Weisbrod, BA
作者单位：Purdue University System; Purdue University; Purdue University in Indianapolis; Northwestern University; Northwestern University
摘要：We characterize the patterns of pricing and rationing when paternalistic nonprofit organizations (either private or governmental) care about the level and distribution of consumer surplus provided to their clients. Equilibrium depends upon marginal cost, the organization's distributional weights, exogenous income levels, and cream-skimming by competing for-profit firms. In equilibrium, some consumers pay their reservation price or a lower price above marginal cost, some pay less than marginal ...
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作者：Sandström, FM; Bergström, F
作者单位：Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)
摘要：Since the introduction of school vouchers in 1992, independent and public schools in Sweden operate on equal terms. We analyze the effects of competition on the public schools using data on the results of 28,000 ninth graders. Because the decision on which school to attend is a choice variable, sample selection models are used. To account for the potential endogeneity of the share of students attending independent schools, we use instrumental variable estimation. We also estimate panel data mo...
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作者：Meyer, BD
作者单位：Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research
