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作者：Lee, Y; Gordon, RH
作者单位：Hanyang University; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：Past theoretical work predicts that higher corporate tax rates should decrease economic growth rates, while the effects of high personal tax rates are less clear. In this paper, we explore how tax policies in fact affect a country's growth rate, using cross-country data during 1970-1997. We find that statutory corporate tax rates are significantly negatively correlated with cross-sectional differences in average economic growth rates, controlling for various other determinants of economic grow...
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作者：Karp, L
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：The use of a constant discount rate to study long-lived environmental problems such as global warming has two disadvantages: the prescribed policy is sensitive to the discount rate, and with moderate discount rates, large future damages have almost no effect on current decisions. Time-consistent quasi-hyperbolic discounting alleviates both of these modeling problems, and is a plausible description of how people think about the future. We analyze the time-consistent Markov Perfect equilibrium i...
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作者：Rojas, JA
作者单位：Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
摘要：One of the features of the large overlapping generations model pioneered by Auerbach and Kotlikoff (1987) Dynamic Fiscal Policy is that individuals with different experience levels are perfect substitutes in production. This paper replaces this assumption with a labor market characterized by imperfect substitutability between less and more experienced workers. By comparing the quantitative properties of both cases in a calibrated model for Spain, it is found that in the model economy with impe...
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作者：Simon, KI
作者单位：Cornell University
摘要：The past decade witnessed major changes in state laws governing the sale of health insurance to small employers. States took measures to restrict insurers' ability to distinguish between high and low-risk customers because of concern about the low rate of coverage among workers in small firms, the high prices in the small-group market and the absence of federal health reform. Using both individual-level and employer-level data, I test predictions about the effect of reforms on the employer-pro...
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作者：Eckel, CC; Grossman, PJ; Johnston, RM
作者单位：Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University; Minnesota State Colleges & Universities; Saint Cloud State University
摘要：We report the results of laboratory experiments that examine whether third-party contributions crowd out private giving to charity. Subjects play a single dictator game with a charity as the recipient. The subject chooses his preferred charity from a list. There are four treatment combinations: two initial allocations and two frames. Initial allocations are either US$18 for the subject and US$2 for the charity, or US$15 and US$5, respectively, and the subject is then given the opportunity to a...
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作者：Schroyen, F
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)
摘要：Besley [J. Public Econ. 35 (1988) 371] uses a scaling approach to model merit good arguments in commodity tax policy. In this paper, I question this approach on the grounds that it produces 'wrong' recommendations-taxation (subsidisation) of merit (demerit) goods-whenever the demand for the (de)merit good is inelastic. I propose an alternative approach that does not suffer from this deficiency and that allows for a straightforward interpretation. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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作者：Bramoullé, Y; Olson, LJ
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole
摘要：This paper examines how learning by doing affects the allocation of pollution abatement between heterogeneous technologies over time. The optimal policy balances current abatement costs against reductions in future costs and infant technologies may be preferred to mature technologies despite greater initial costs. We characterize when a technological winner might emerge and we identify conditions under which optimal abatement is shared across all technologies. Pigouvian taxes can implement the...
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作者：Casella, A
作者单位：Columbia University; Aix-Marseille Universite; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Following the rationale for regional redistribution programs described in the official documents of the European Union, this paper studies a simple multicountry model built around two regions: a core and a periphery. Technological spillovers link firms' productivity within each of the two regions, and each country's territory falls partly in the core and partly in the periphery, but the exact shares vary across countries. In line with the official view of the European Union, we find that the e...
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作者：Haimanko, O; Le Breton, M; Weber, S
作者单位：Southern Methodist University; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Southern Methodist University; Universite Catholique Louvain
摘要：We consider a political economy model of country whose citizens have heterogeneous preferences for a national policy and some regions may contemplate a threat of secession. The country is efficient if its breakup into smaller countries leads to an aggregate utility loss. We show that in an efficient country whose citizens' preferences exhibit a high degree of polarization, a threat of secession cannot be eliminated without inter-regional transfers. We also demonstrate that if majority voting i...
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作者：Alders, P; Broer, DP
作者单位：CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC
摘要：This paper analyses the interaction between human capital accumulation, fertility, and labour participation of families in the presence of technology shocks. Altruistic families spend time on the education of their children to increase their level of human capital. Compensating transfers through negative bequests are blocked by an active bequest constraint. Productivity shocks increase the opportunity costs of children and may cause a drop in fertility, which results in population ageing. We i...
