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作者：Hakola, T; Uusitalo, R
摘要：Firms may encourage their workers to retire early. Experience-rating of early retirement benefits creates incentives for firms to avoid this. We use a pension reform as a natural experiment in order to evaluate the effect of this experience-rating. The key result is that experience-rating of early retirement benefits reduces early exits of older workers. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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作者：Kearney, MS
作者单位：Wellesley College
摘要：This paper investigates two central issues regarding state lotteries. First, analyses of multiple sources of micro-level data demonstrate that household lottery spending is financed primarily by a reduction in non-gambling expenditures, not by a reduction in expenditures on other forms of gambling. The introduction of a state lottery is associated with an average decline of $46 per month, or 2.4 percent, in household non-gambling expenditures. Low-income households reduce non-gambling househol...
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作者：Stiglitz, JE; Yun, J
作者单位：Ewha Womans University; Columbia University
摘要：This paper analyzes a social insurance system that integrates unemployment insurance with a pension program, allowing workers to borrow against their future wage income to finance consumption during an unemployment episode and thus improving search incentives while reducing the risks arising from unemployment. This paper identifies the conditions under which integration improves welfare and the factors which determine the optimal degree of integration. We show that when the duration of unemplo...
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作者：Arcidiacono, P; Nicholson, S
作者单位：Duke University; University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Using data on the universe of students who graduated from US medical schools between 1996 and 1998, we examine whether the abilities and specialty preferences of a medical school class affect a student's academic achievement in medical school and his choice of specialty. We mitigate the selection problem by including school-specific fixed effects, and show that this method yields an upper bound on peer effects for our data. We estimate positive peer effects that disappear when school-specific ...
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作者：Cameron, TA
作者单位：University of Oregon
摘要：Willingness-to-pay for climate change mitigation depends on people's perceptions about just how bad things will get if nothing is done. Individual subjective distributions for future climate conditions are combined with stated choices over alternative climate policies to estimate individual option prices (the appropriate ex ante welfare measure in the face of uncertainty) for climate change mitigation. We find statistically significant sensitivity of estimated option prices to both expected fu...
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作者：Kessler, AS; Lülfesmann, C
作者单位：Simon Fraser University
摘要：The paper considers a two-community model with freely mobile individuals. Individuals differ not only in their incomes, but also in their tastes for a local public good. In each jurisdiction, the amount of public services is determined by majority vote of the inhabitants, and local spending is financed by a residence-based linear income tax. When making their residential and political choices, individuals thus face a trade-off between the provisionary and redistributive effects of policies. We...
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作者：Wilson, JD; Janeba, E
作者单位：Michigan State University; University of Mannheim
摘要：This paper models tax competition between two countries that are divided into regions. In the first stage of the game, the strategy variable for each country is the division of a continuum of public goods between central and regional government provision. In the second stage, the central and regional governments choose their tax rates on capital. A country's decentralization level serves as a strategic tool through its influence on the mix of horizontal and vertical externalities that exists u...
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作者：Goux, D; Maurin, E
摘要：This paper provides estimates of the causal effect of living in an overcrowded home on performance at school in France. Our identification strategy relies on the fact that the size and housing conditions of families vary with the sex composition of the siblings. In particular, large families in which the two youngest children are (by descending age) a boy and a girl tend to live less often in overcrowded housing than the other families. French parents seem to be more reluctant about bringing u...
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作者：Gustman, AL; Steinmeier, TL
作者单位：Dartmouth College; Texas Tech University System; Texas Tech University
摘要：A structural life cycle model of retirement and wealth attributes retirement peaks at both ages 62 and 65 to Social Security rules and wide heterogeneity in time preferences. Those with high discount rates often retire at 62. They have few assets and heavily value lost benefits from working after 62, largely ignoring potential increases in later benefits. Declining actuarial adjustments beginning at 65 induce those with low discount rates to retire at 65. Raising the Social Security early enti...
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作者：Rondeau, D; Poe, GL; Schulze, WD
作者单位：Cornell University; University of Victoria
摘要：Little progress has been made toward understanding the relative performance of the two mechanisms most widely used for fundraising: the Voluntary Contribution (VCM) and Provision Point (PPM) mechanisms. This paper provides direct comparisons of the relative performance of variants of the VCM and PPM as they are most commonly implemented in the field. The research makes use of 1296 individual observations from 721 subjects, including 40 observations from a field experiment. A meta-analysis of t...
