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作者：Bardhan, P; Mookherjee, D
作者单位：Boston University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We study the effects on accountability in government service delivery of decentralizing administration of an antipoverty program. While governments at both central and local levels are vulnerable to antipoor policy biases owing to political capture, centralized delivery systems are additionally prone to bureaucratic corruption, owing to problems in monitoring bureaucratic performance. Decentralizing the delivery system promotes cost-effectiveness and improves intraregional targeting at low pro...
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作者：Figlio, DN; Winicki, J
作者单位：State University System of Florida; University of Florida; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：With the passage of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, school accountability is now federal law, continuing the recent trend of states implementing significant accountability systems for schools. This paper studies an unusual yet powerful school response to accountability systems. Using disaggregated school lunch menus from a random sample of school districts in Virginia, we find that schools threatened with accountability sanctions increase the caloric content of their lunches on testing d...
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作者：Jin, HH; Qian, YY; Weingast, BR
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University
摘要：Aligning the interests of local governments with market development is an important issue for developing and transition economies. Using a panel data set from China, we investigate the relationship between provincial government's fiscal incentives and provincial market development. We report three empirical findings. First, we find that during the period of fiscal contracting system the discrepancy between ex ante contracts and ex post implementation was relatively small, suggesting that the f...
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作者：Johansson, P; Palme, M
作者单位：Uppsala University; Stockholm University
摘要：We study if the replacement level in the Swedish national sickness insurance, which replaces foregone earnings due to temporary illnesses, affects work absence behavior. We use micro data and estimate the effects of a major reform, whereby the replacement level during the first 90 days in each absence spell was reduced, on work attendance. To separate out the effect of the reform from any trend in work absence, we distinguish between the implications on the incidence of work absence (i.e., the...
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作者：Ferrer-i-Carbonell, A
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; University of Amsterdam
摘要：This paper presents an empirical analysis of the importance of 'comparison income' for individual well-being or happiness. In other words, the influence of the income of a reference group on individual well-being is examined. The main novelty is that various hypotheses are tested: the importance of the own income, the relevance of the income of the reference group and of the distance between the own income and the income of the reference group, and most importantly the asymmetry of comparisons...
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作者：Choné, P; Laroque, G
作者单位：Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
摘要：Optimal taxation is analyzed under a Rawlsian criterion in an economy where the only decision of the agents is to participate, or not, to the labor force. The model allows for heterogeneity both in the agent's productivities and aversions to work. At a first-best optimal schedule, the marginal agent who decides to work pockets all of her productivity, while being just compensated for her work aversion. When the planner does not observe work aversion, financial compensation for work is lower th...
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作者：Fuest, C
作者单位：University of Cologne
摘要：This paper analyses the impact of economic integration on tax policy in a model where corporate taxation is motivated by the desire to tax profits accruing to foreigners and the number of foreign owned firms is endogenous. Increasing economic integration is modeled as a decline in trade costs or tariffs. It turns out that declining trade costs lead to increasing profit taxes if the government may use import tariffs. If tariffs are not available, declining trade costs induce profit taxes to dec...
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作者：Arzaghi, M; Henderson, JV
作者单位：Brown University
摘要：This paper models and empirically investigates underlying forces that promote governmental decentralization, or effective federalism, in the world over the last 25 years. A move to a federal system is based on the demand by hinterland regions for local autonomy, which increases with national income growth, greater relative hinterland population, and increasing national population. It is influenced as well by the degree of democratization nationally and locally. Decentralization is measured by ...
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作者：Rubinchik-Pessach, A
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
摘要：A conventional justification for government hierarchy in the fiscal federalism literature is based upon asymmetry in policy tools or in information access that is available to different levels of government. This paper demonstrates that even if these asymmetries are eliminated, addition of local (regional) governments to a one-tier central government can be strictly welfare improving. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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作者：Hendel, I; Shapiro, J; Willen, P
作者单位：Pompeu Fabra University; Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Boston
摘要：Affordable higher education is, and has been, a key element of social policy in the United States with broad bipartisan support. Financial aid has substantially increased the number of people who complete university-generally thought to be a good thing. We show, however, that making education more affordable can increase income inequality. The mechanism that drives our results is a combination of credit constraints and the 'signaling' role of education first explored by Spence [Spence, A. Mich...
