2011

最新文章

• Counting and multidimensional poverty measurement AI翻译
  作者：Alkire, Sabina; Foster, James
  作者单位：George Washington University; University of Oxford
  摘要：This paper proposes a new methodology for multidimensional poverty measurement consisting of an identification method rho(k) that extends the traditional intersection and union approaches, and a class of poverty measures M-alpha. Our identification step employs two forms of cutoff: one within each dimension to determine whether a person is deprived in that dimension, and a second across dimensions that identifies the poor by 'counting' the dimensions in which a person is deprived. The aggregat...
• Pay for politicians and candidate selection: An empirical analysis AI翻译
  作者：Kotakorpi, Kaisa; Poutvaara, Panu
  作者单位：Tampere University; University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
  摘要：A growing theoretical literature on the effect of politicians' salaries on the average level of skills of political candidates yields ambiguous predictions. In this paper, we estimate the effect of pay for politicians on the level of education of parliamentary candidates. We take advantage of an exceptional reform where the salaries of Finnish MPs were increased by 35% in the year 2000, intended to make the pay for parliamentarians more competitive. A difference-in-differences analysis, using ...
• Do fairness and race matter in generosity? Evidence from a nationally representative charity experiment AI翻译
  作者：Fong, Christina M.; Luttmer, Erzo F. P.
  作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; Dartmouth College
  摘要：We present a dictator game experiment where the recipients are local charities that serve the poor. Donors consist of approximately 1000 participants from a nationally representative sample. We manipulate the perceived worthiness and race of the charities' recipients with an audiovisual presentation. Respondents then decide how much to give to the charities and report their perceptions of recipient worthiness and racial composition. We have four main findings. First, treatments describing reci...
• The short-term mortality consequences of income receipt AI翻译
  作者：Evans, William N.; Moore, Timothy J.
  作者单位：University of Notre Dame; National Bureau of Economic Research; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
  摘要：Researchers and retailers have documented that consumption declines before the receipt of income, and then rises afterwards. In this paper, we identify a related phenomenon, where mortality rises immediately after income receipt. We find that mortality increases following the arrival of monthly Social Security payments, regular wage payments for military personnel, the 2001 tax rebates, and Alaska Permanent Fund dividend payments. The increase in short-run mortality is large, and occurs for ma...
• Optimal tax and transfer programs for couples with extensive labor supply responses AI翻译
  作者：Immervoll, Herwig; Kleven, Henrik Jacobsen; Kreiner, Claus Thustrup; Verdelin, Nicolaj
  作者单位：University of Essex; Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD); University of Essex; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Copenhagen
  摘要：This paper analyzes the optimal design of general nonlinear tax-transfer schedules for couples under unitary and collective approaches to family decision making. We consider a double-extensive model of labor supply where each spouse makes a labor force participation choice for given hours of work. We present simple and intuitive optimal tax rules that generalize existing findings on the optimal taxation of single-person households with extensive responses (Saez, 2002) to the case of two-person...
• Minimum wage and tax evasion: Theory and evidence AI翻译
  作者：Tonin, Mirco
  作者单位：University of Southampton; IZA Institute Labor Economics
  摘要：This paper examines the interaction between minimum wage legislation and tax evasion by employed labor. I develop a model in which firms and workers may agree to report less than the true amount of earnings to the fiscal authorities. I show that introducing a minimum wage creates a spike in the distribution of declared earnings and induces higher compliance by some agents, thus reducing their disposable income. The comparison of food consumption and of the consumption-income gap before and aft...
• Can privatization of US highways improve motorists' welfare? AI翻译
  作者：Winston, Clifford; Yan, Jia
  作者单位：Brookings Institution; Washington State University
  摘要：We assess the welfare effects of highway privatization accounting for government's behavior in setting the sale price, firms' strategic behavior in setting tolls, and motorists' heterogeneous preferences for speedy and reliable travel. We find motorists are able to benefit from privatization by negotiating tolls with private providers that increase their consumer surplus. Surprisingly, we find that by obtaining tolls and service that align with their varying preferences, motorists may be bette...
• The ABCs of charitable solicitation AI翻译
  作者：Meer, Jonathan; Rosen, Harvey S.
  作者单位：Princeton University; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station
  摘要：We estimate the effect of a marginal personal solicitation after receiving two to four non-personal solicitations using observational data on alumni giving at an anonymous research university, which we refer to as Anon U. At Anon U, volunteers use lists provided by the Development Office to telephone classmates and solicit them for donations. The names on these lists are always in alphabetical order. The volunteers who do the soliciting often run out of time before they reach the end of their ...
• One for the road: Public transportation, alcohol consumption, and intoxicated driving AI翻译
  作者：Jackson, C. Kirabo; Owens, Emily Greene
  作者单位：Cornell University; Northwestern University
  摘要：We exploit arguably exogenous train schedule changes in Washington DC to investigate the relationship between public transportation, the risky decision to consume alcohol, and the criminal decision to engage in alcohol-impaired driving. Using variation over time, across days of the week, and over the course of the day, we provide evidence that overall there was little effect of expanded public transit service on DUI arrests, alcohol related fatal traffic and alcohol related arrests. However, w...
• Public goods and voting on formal sanction schemes AI翻译
  作者：Putterman, Louis; Tyran, Jean-Robert; Kamei, Kenju
  作者单位：Brown University; University of Vienna; University of Copenhagen
  摘要：The burgeoning literature on the use of sanctions to support the provision of public goods has largely neglected the use of formal or centralized sanctions. We let subjects playing a linear public goods game vote on the parameters of a formal sanction scheme capable of either resolving or exacerbating the free-rider problem, depending on parameter settings. Most groups quickly learned to choose parameters inducing efficient outcomes. We find that cooperative orientation, political attitude, ge...