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作者：Dharmapala, Dhammika; Slemrod, Joel; Wilson, John Douglas
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Michigan State University
摘要：We analyze the optimal taxation affirms when the government faces fixed (per-firm) administrative costs of tax collection. The tax instruments at the government's disposal are a fixed (per-firm) fee and a linear tax on output. If all firms in an industry are taxed, we show that it is optimal to impose a positive fee to internalize administrative costs. The output taxes satisfy the inverse elasticity rule for taxed industries, but industries with sufficiently high administrative costs should be...
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作者：Clots-Figueras, Irma
作者单位：Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
摘要：This paper uses panel data from the 16 larger states in India during the period 1967-2000 to study the effects of female political representation in the State Legislatures on public goods, policy and expenditure. It finds that politicians' gender affects policy, but that their social position, i.e., their caste, should be taken into account as well. Female legislators in seats reserved for lower castes and disadvantaged tribes invest more in health and early education and favor women-friendly ...
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作者：Hoynes, Hilary; Page, Marianne; Stevens, Ann Huff
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The goal of federal food and nutrition programs in the United States is to improve the nutritional well-being and health of low income families. A large body of literature evaluates the extent to which the Supplemental Program for Women Infants and Children (WIC) has accomplished this goal, but most studies have been based on research designs that compare program participants to non-participants. If selection into these programs is non-random then such comparisons will lead to biased estimates...
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作者：van den Berg, Vincent; Verhoef, Erik T.
作者单位：Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
摘要：This paper analyses the efficiency and distributional impacts of congestion pricing in Vickrey's (1969) dynamic bottleneck model of congestion, allowing for continuous distributions of values of time and schedule delay. We find that congestion pricing can leave a majority of travellers better off even without returning the toll revenues to them. We also find that the consumer surplus losses or gains from tolling are not strictly monotonic in the value of time, because they also depend on the v...
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作者：Dohmen, Thomas; Falk, Armin; Fliessbach, Klaus; Sunde, Uwe; Weber, Bernd
作者单位：University of Bonn
摘要：In this paper we study the role of absolute versus relative income using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). While being scanned in two adjacent MRI scanners, pairs of subjects had to simultaneously perform a simple estimation task that entailed monetary rewards for correct answers. We show that a variation in the comparison subject's payment affects blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventral striatum. This brain region is engaged in the prediction and registra...
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作者：Shan, Hui
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors
摘要：The Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 (TRA97) significantly changed the tax treatment of housing capital gains in the United States. Before 1997, homeowners were subject to capital gains taxation when they sold their houses unless they purchased replacement homes of equal or greater value. Since 1997, homeowners can exclude capital gains of $500,000 (or $250,000 for single filers) when they sell their houses. Such dramatic changes provide a good opportunity to study the lock-in effect of capital gai...
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作者：Campante, Filipe R.
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：I propose a framework in which individual political participation can take two distinct forms, voting and contributing resources to campaigns, in a context in which the negligible impact of any individual's actions on aggregate outcomes is fully recognized by all agents. I then use the framework to reassess the relationship between inequality and redistribution. The model shows that, even though each contribution has a negligible impact, the interaction between contributions and voting leads t...
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作者：Rothstein, Jesse; Rouse, Cecilia Elena
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：In the early 2000s, a highly selective university introduced a no-loans policy under which the loan component of financial aid awards was replaced with grants. We use this natural experiment to identify the causal effect of student debt on employment outcomes. In the standard life-cycle model, young people make optimal educational investment decisions if they are able to finance these investments by borrowing against future earnings; the presence of debt has only income effects on investment d...
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作者：Sausgruber, Rupert; Tyran, Jean-Robert
作者单位：University of Vienna; University of Innsbruck; University of Copenhagen
摘要：We let consumers vote on tax regimes in experimental markets. We test if taxes on sellers are more popular than taxes on consumers, i.e. on voters themselves, even if taxes on sellers are inefficiently high. Taxes on sellers are more popular if voters underestimate the extent of tax-shifting in the market. We show that inexperienced voters are prone to such a tax-shifting bias, that experience is an effective de-biasing mechanism, but that pre-vote deliberation about tax regimes makes initiall...
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作者：Da Rin, Marco; Di Giacomo, Marina; Sembenelli, Alessandro
作者单位：Tilburg University; University of Turin
摘要：Can tax policy foster the creation of new companies? To answer this question, we assemble a novel country-industry level panel database with data on entry (by incorporation) for 17 European countries between 1997 and 2004. Our analysis is based on recent models of how corporate taxation affects firm's incorporation decision. We compute effective average tax rates and study how the taxation of corporate income affects entry rates at the country-industry level. Drawing on the political economy l...
