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作者：Brekke, Kjell Arne; Hauge, Karen Evelyn; Lind, Jo Thori; Nyborg, Karine
作者单位：University of Oslo; Institute of Transport Economics
摘要：Are some individuals generally more pro-social than others? If so, socially beneficial commitments could serve as a costly screening device helping the pro-social to match. We present a public good game experiment in which subjects choose between two group types: in blue groups, subjects receive a fixed extra payoff; in red groups, this extra payoff is donated, instead, to the Red Cross. A substantial share of our subjects chose red groups. Contributions in red groups were initially higher and...
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作者：Larcinese, Valentino; Puglisi, Riccardo; Snyder, James M., Jr.
作者单位：University of Pavia; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Harvard University; Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We study the agenda-setting political behavior of a large sample of U.S. newspapers during the 1996-2005 period. Our purpose is to examine the intensity of coverage of economic issues as a function of the underlying economic conditions and the political affiliation of the incumbent president, focusing on unemployment, inflation, the federal budget and the trade deficit. We investigate whether there is any significant correlation between the endorsement policy of newspapers, and the differentia...
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作者：Loeper, Antoine
作者单位：Northwestern University
摘要：We compare centralized and decentralized policy making in a federation in which policy heterogeneity is inherently costly and preferences vary across jurisdictions: all jurisdictions agree that some harmonization is desirable but no one agrees on the direction of harmonization. This type of collective choice problem arises when members of a federal system have to coordinate nonbudgetary policies such as laws, regulations, standards, or diplomatic policies. Contrary to the common wisdom, decent...
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作者：Xiao, Erte; Houser, Daniel
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; George Mason University; George Mason University
摘要：We report data from public goods games showing that privately-implemented punishment reduces cooperation in relation to a baseline treatment without punishment. When that same incentive is implemented publicly, however, cooperation is sustained at significantly higher rates than in either the baseline or private punishment treatments. Our design ensures that this increased cooperation is not attributable to shame, differences in information or signaling. Rather, our evidence is that the abilit...
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作者：Berthelon, Matias E.; Kruger, Diana I.
作者单位：Universidad Adolfo Ibanez
摘要：We analyze the effect of a Chilean school reform that lengthened the school day from half to full-day shifts on the likelihood that adolescents engage in risky behaviors. By increasing the number of hours spent in school, the reform curtails opportunities to engage in risky behaviors that may lead to motherhood and crime. We exploit the exogenous time and regional variations of the reform's implementation to identify the effects of adult supervision on the likelihood that adolescent girls beco...
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作者：Coen-Pirani, Daniele
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
摘要：The evolution of education spending in California has received plenty of attention from both academics and practitioners after this state's education finance reform in the 1970's. This paper quantifies the contribution of immigration to the relative decline in elementary and secondary public education spending per student in California in the period 1970-2000. A quantitative model of school choice and voting over public education is used to perform the counterfactual experiments of interest. T...
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作者：Cremer, Helmuth; Gahvari, Firouz; Pestieau, Pierre
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics; Institut Universitaire de France; University of Liege
摘要：This paper provides a unified treatment of externalities associated with fertility and human capital accumulation within pay-as-you-go pension systems. It considers an overlapping generations model in which every generation consists of high earners and low earners with the proportion of types being determined endogenously. The number of children is deterministically chosen but the children's future ability is in part stochastic, in part determined by the family background, and in part through ...
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作者：Olsen, Trond E.; Osmundsen, Petter
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); Universitetet i Stavanger
摘要：We analyze tax competition when a multinational firm has invested in two countries but also has an outside option, e.g., towards a third country. An interesting finding is that more attractive outside options for firms may constitute a win-win situation; the firm as well as its present host countries may gain when this occurs. The reason that it benefits the host countries is that an enhanced outside option reduces the inefficiencies of tax competition. An implication of the result is that bet...
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作者：Ellingsen, Tore; Johannesson, Magnus
作者单位：Stockholm School of Economics
摘要：We develop a simple model of generous behavior. It is based on the premise that some people are generous, but everyone wants to appear generous-especially in the eyes of other generous people. Although non-monetary donations are always inefficient, they frequently occur in equilibrium because they facilitate signaling. The model helps to explain the prevalence of volunteering, the nature of Christmas gifts, and the taboo against paying cash in return for friendly favors. Finally, and perhaps m...
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作者：Marion, Justin; Muehlegger, Erich
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; Harvard University
摘要：The incidence of taxes on consumers and producers plays a central role in evaluating energy tax policy, yet the literature testing the main predictions of the tax incidence model is sparse. In this paper, we examine the pass-through rate of state gasoline and diesel taxes to retail prices, and importantly we estimate the dependence of pass-through on factors constraining the gasoline and diesel supply chains. We consider several factors that alter the elasticity of supply, including within sta...
