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作者：Barron, John M.; Berger, Mark C.; Black, Dan A.
作者单位：Purdue University System; Purdue University; Syracuse University
摘要：The existence of counteroffers can lead to a variety of important labor-market features. This article develops a model of the selective use of counteroffers in which a firm decides whether to extend counteroffers after a worker informs the firm of an alternative offer. We outline factors that can influence the employer's net value of making a counteroffer and, thus, affect the likelihood of a counteroffer. We provide a new empirical analysis that examines whether proxies for these factors do, ...
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作者：Lyle, DS
作者单位：United States Department of Defense; United States Army; United States Military Academy
摘要：Military deployments and job assignments provide an opportunity to estimate the impact of parental absences and household relocations on children's academic achievement. Combining U. S. Army personnel data with children's standardized test scores from Texas, I find that parental absences adversely affect children's test scores by a tenth of a standard deviation. Likewise, household relocations have modest negative effects on children's test scores. Both parental absences and household relocati...
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作者：Kenkel, Donald; Lillard, Dean; Mathios, Alan
作者单位：Cornell University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We analyze data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 on high school completion, smoking, and obesity. First, we investigate whether GED recipients differ from other high school graduates in their smoking and obesity behaviors. Second, we explore whether the relationships between schooling and these health-related behaviors are sensitive to controlling for background and ability measures. Third, we estimate instrumental variables models. Our results suggest that the returns to hi...
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作者：Spitz-Oener, A
作者单位：Humboldt University of Berlin
摘要：Empirical work has been limited in its ability to directly study whether skill requirements in the workplace have been rising and whether these changes have been related to technological change. This article answers these questions using a unique data set from West Germany that enabled me to look at how skill requirements have changed within occupations. I show that occupations require more complex skills today than in 1979 and that the changes in skill requirements have been most pronounced i...
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作者：Gibbons, R; Waldman, M
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：In previous work, we showed that a model that integrates job assignment, human capital acquisition, and learning can explain several empirical findings concerning wage and promotion dynamics inside firms. In this article, we extend that model in two ways. First, we incorporate schooling and derive further testable implications that we then compare with the available empirical evidence. Second, and more important, we show that introducing task-specific human capital allows us to produce cohort ...
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作者：Oreopoulos, Philip; Page, Marianne E.; Stevens, Ann Huff
作者单位：University of Toronto; University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：This article attempts to improve our understanding of the causal processes that contribute to intergenerational immobility by exploiting historical changes in compulsory schooling laws that affected the educational attainment of parents without affecting their innate abilities or endowments. We examine the influence of parental compulsory schooling on children's grade-for-age using the 1960, 1970, and 1980 U. S. censuses. Our estimates indicate that a 1-year increase in the education of either...
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作者：Azmat, G; Güell, M; Manning, A
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Pompeu Fabra University
摘要：In some OECD countries the male and female unemployment rates are very similar but in others (notably the Mediterranean countries) the female unemployment rate is much higher than the male. Explaining these cross-country differences is the subject of this article. We show that, in countries where there is a large gender gap in unemployment rates, there is a gender gap in both flows from employment into unemployment and from unemployment into employment. We conclude that differences in human ca...
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作者：Kvaloy, O; Olsen, TE
作者单位：Universitetet i Stavanger
摘要：The article analyzes conditions for implementing incentive schemes based on, respectively, joint, relative, and independent performance in a relational contract between a principal and a team of two interacting agents. A main result is that the optimal incentive regime depends crucially on the productivity of the agents. This occurs because agents' productivities affect the principal's temptation to renege on the relational contract. The analysis suggests that we will see a higher frequency of...
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作者：Bollinger, Christopher R.; Hirsch, Barry T.
作者单位：University of Kentucky; Trinity University
摘要：This article examines match bias arising from earnings imputation. Wage equation parameters are estimated from mixed samples of workers reporting and not reporting earnings, the latter assigned earnings of donors. Regressions including attributes not used as imputation match criteria ( e. g., union) are severely biased. Match bias also arises with attributes used as match criteria but matched imperfectly. Imperfect matching on schooling ( age) flattens earnings profiles within education ( age)...
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作者：van Ours, JC; Vodopivec, M
作者单位：Tilburg University
摘要：In this article we investigate the disincentive effects of shortening the potential duration of unemployment insurance ( UI) benefits. We identify these disincentive effects by exploiting changes in Slovenia's unemployment insurance system - a natural experiment that involved substantial reductions in the potential duration of benefits for four groups of workers plus no change in benefits for another group ( which served as a natural control). We find that the change had a positive effect on ...
