-
作者：Dyke, Andrew; Heinrich, Carolyn J.; Mueser, Peter R.; Troske, Kenneth R.; Jeon, Kyung-Seong
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Missouri System; University of Missouri Columbia; University of Kentucky
摘要：Studies examining welfare-to-work program effectiveness present mixed and sometimes discrepant findings, partly due to research design, data, and methodological limitations. Using administrative data on Missouri and North Carolina welfare recipients, we substantially improve on past estimation approaches to identify the distinct effects of each state's welfare-to-work subprograms-assessment, job search assistance and job readiness training, and more intensive programs designed to augment human...
-
作者：Smith, JP
作者单位：RAND Corporation
摘要：This article examines skill gaps between immigrants and native- born Americans and generational progress achieved by different immigrant ethnic groups. Evidence of a widening skill gap is not strong. While wage data show a pronounced fall in relative wages of recent immigrants, significant independent contributors to that decline are a widening age gap and the increasing price of skill. When attention shifts to legal migrants, the evidence is that legal migrants are, at a minimum, keeping up ...
-
作者：Lefgren, Lars; McIntyre, Frank
作者单位：Brigham Young University
摘要：Using 2000 Census data, we describe the relationship between women's education and marriage outcomes. Women's education is strongly related to husband's income and marital status. This relationship is highly nonlinear and varies across the distribution of husband's earnings. Roughly half of the correlation between women's education and consumption operates through the marriage market. Using 1980 Census data and the quarter of birth instruments proposed by Angrist and Krueger, we find that wome...
-
作者：Cornwell, Christopher; Mustard, David B.; Sridhar, Deepa J.
作者单位：University System of Georgia; University of Georgia
摘要：Introduced in 1993, Georgia's HOPE Program sponsors a merit-based scholarship for students attending in-state colleges and a grant for those entering technical schools. There are no income restrictions. Comparing Georgia with other southeastern states over the 1988-97 period, HOPE increased freshmen enrollment by 5.9%, or 2,889 students per year, which amounts to only 15% of freshmen scholarship recipients. Four-year colleges account for most of the gain; a reduction in students leaving the st...
-
作者：Eliason, Marcus; Storrie, Donald
作者单位：University of Gothenburg; University of Gothenburg
摘要：Recently improved Swedish register data have made it possible to remedy many weaknesses of previous research on displaced workers. Using linked employer-employee data, we identify all workers displaced in 1987, due to an establishment closure, and follow them over both a predisplacement period of 4 years and a postdisplacement period stretching until 1999. We find that the displaced workers suffer both earnings losses and worsened labor-market position not only during a transitory period of ad...
-
作者：Heckman, James J.; Stixrud, Jora; Urzua, Sergio
作者单位：University of Chicago; University College Dublin
摘要：This article establishes that a low-dimensional vector of cognitive and noncognitive skills explains a variety of labor market and behavioral outcomes. Our analysis addresses the problems of measurement error, imperfect proxies, and reverse causality that plague conventional studies. Noncognitive skills strongly influence schooling decisions and also affect wages, given schooling decisions. Schooling, employment, work experience, and choice of occupation are affected by latent noncognitive and...
-
作者：Falk, A; Ichino, A
作者单位：University of Bonn
摘要：We study subjects who were asked to fill letters into envelopes with a remuneration independent of output. In the pair treatment, two subjects worked at the same time in the same room, and peer effects were possible. In the single treatment, subjects worked alone, and peer effects were ruled out. We find evidence of peer effects in the pair treatment because the standard deviations of output are smaller within pairs than between pairs. Moreover, average output is higher in the pair treatment: ...
-
作者：Baicker, Katherine; Chandra, Amitabh
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We estimate the effect of rising health insurance premiums on wages, employment, and the distribution of part-time and full-time work using variation in medical malpractice payments driven by the recent medical malpractice crisis. We estimate that a 10% increase in health insurance premiums reduces the aggregate probability of being employed by 1.2 percentage points, reduces hours worked by 2.4%, and increases the likelihood that a worker is employed only part time by 1.9 percentage points. Fo...
-
作者：Sobel, J
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：This article contrasts supporting partnerships through relational contracting and supporting partnerships through formal legal institutions. A large population of players interact in bilateral relationships. Efficiency requires cooperation, but cheating yields a higher short-term payoff. There is a positive probability that the maximum feasible payoff available to a partnership decreases. Opportunistic behavior makes it impossible to realize the efficient outcome. A legal system can lead to ef...
-
作者：Loury, LD
作者单位：Tufts University
摘要：The explanation typically given for longer tenure among workers who use informal contacts to find jobs is that relatives and friends reduce uncertainty about the quality of the match between worker and employer. An alternative explanation is that workers rely on informal information sources as a last resort. Such workers remain at their current jobs mainly because they have few alternative choices rather than because of better match quality. This article shows that the two different explanatio...
