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作者：Eyles, Andrew; Machin, Stephen; McNally, Sandra
作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Surrey
摘要：The UK change of government in 2010 provoked a large structural change in the English education landscape. Unexpectedly, the new government offered primary schools the chance to have 'the freedom and the power to take control of their own destiny', with better performing schools given a green light to fast track convert to become an academy school. In England, schools that become academies have more freedom over many ways in which they operate, including curriculum design, budgets, staffing is...
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作者：Ambrus, Attila; Greiner, Ben; Sastro, Anne
作者单位：Duke University; Vienna University of Economics & Business; University of New South Wales Sydney
摘要：In an informational voting environment, we study the impact of an explicit nil vote option on the ballot when some voters are uninformed and face the swing voters curse. We postulate a simple model of strategic voting in which voters entertain heterogeneous thresholds on legitimacy of different voting actions. We predict that introducing a nil vote option reduces the number of uninformed and invalid votes, increasing expected welfare in both voluntary and compulsory voting. We test our model i...
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作者：Langer, Ashley; Maheshri, Vikram; Winston, Clifford
作者单位：University of Arizona; University of Houston System; University of Houston; Brookings Institution
摘要：Policymakers have prioritized increasing highway revenues as rising fuel economy and a fixed federal gasoline tax have led to highway funding deficits. We use a novel disaggregate sample of motorists to estimate the effect of the price of a vehicle mile traveled on VMT, and we provide the first national assessment of VMT and gasoline taxes that are designed to raise a given amount of revenue. We find that a VMT tax dominates a gasoline tax on efficiency, distributional, and political grounds w...
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作者：Alstadsaeter, Annette; Jacob, Martin; Michaely, Roni
作者单位：Norwegian University of Life Sciences; WHU - Otto Beisheim School of Management; Cornell University
摘要：We test whether dividend taxes affect corporate investments. We exploit Sweden's 2006 dividend tax cut of 10 percentage points for closely held corporations and 5 percentage points for widely held corporations. Using rich administrative panel data and triple-difference estimators, we find that this dividend tax cut does not affect aggregate investment but that it affects the allocation of corporate investment. Cash-constrained firms increase investment after the dividend tax cut relative to ca...
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作者：Brekke, Kurt R.; Garcia Pires, Armando J.; Schindler, Dirk; Schjelderup, Guttorm
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)
摘要：This paper compares the Comprehensive Business Income Tax (CBIT) and the Allowance for Corporate Equity tax (ACE) under imperfect competition using an oligopoly Salop model and a monopolistic competition model. A key insight is that the effect of a switch to either tax system depends on technology and the intensity of competition. Both tax systems are distortionary when entry is endogenous. Using the Salop model, we show that ACE (CBIT) tends to improve welfare in decreasing returns (increasin...
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作者：Casas, Agustin; Diaz, Guillermo; Trindade, Andre
作者单位：Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru; Getulio Vargas Foundation
摘要：We investigate whether electoral monitors, who are in charge of assuring the fairness of elections, interfere with their outcome. More precisely, does the monitors' presence bias the results in favor of their own preferences? To do so, we construct a novel dataset from the raw voting records of the 2011 national elections in Argentina. We exploit a natural experiment to show that electoral observers cause, on average, a 1.5% increase in the vote count for the observers' preferred party, which ...
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作者：Schwerdt, Guido; West, Martin R.; Winters, Marcus A.
作者单位：University of Konstanz; Harvard University; Boston University
摘要：Many American states require that students lacking basic reading proficiency after third grade be retained and remediated. We exploit a discontinuity in retention probabilities under Florida's test-based promotion policy to study its effects on student outcomes through high school. We find large positive effects on achievement that fade out entirely when retained students are compared to their same-age peers, but remain substantial through grade 10 when compared to students in the same grade. ...
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作者：Nakajima, Makoto
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Philadelphia
摘要：A life-cycle model with equilibrium default in which agents with and without temptation coexist is constructed to evaluate the 2005 bankruptcy law reform. The calibrated model indicates that the 2005 reform reduces bankruptcies, as seen in the data, and improves welfare, as lower default premia allows better consumption smoothing. A counterfactual reform of changing income garnishment rate is also investigated. Interesting contrasting welfare effects between two types of agents emerge. Agents ...
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作者：Chaurey, Ritam
作者单位：State University of New York (SUNY) System; Binghamton University, SUNY
摘要：While policies targeting particular geographic regions are widely used by governments, there have been few rigorous evaluations of their causal impacts. In this paper, I study the impact of a location-based tax incentive scheme in India. Using aggregated and firm-level panel data, I find large increases in employment, total output, fixed capital, and the number of firms as a result of the program. These increases are due to both the growth of existing firms as well as the entry of new firms. T...
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作者：Pichler, Stefan; Ziebarth, Nicolas R.
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Cornell University
摘要：This paper provides an analytical framework and uses data from the U.S. and Germany to test for the existence of contagious presenteeism and negative externalities in sick leave insurance. The first part exploits high-frequency Google Flu data and the staggered implementation of U.S. sick pay mandates to show, using a reduced-form framework, that population-level influenza-like disease rates decrease after employees gain access to paid sick leave. Next, a simple theoretical framework provides ...
