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作者：Findeisen, Sebastian; Sachs, Dominik
作者单位：University of Mannheim; European University Institute
摘要：We analyze optimal taxation of labor and capital income in a life cycle framework with idiosyncratic income risk and ex-ante heterogeneity. Tax instruments are simple in that they can only condition on current income. We provide a decomposition of labor income tax formulas into a redistribution and an insurance component. The latter is independent of the social welfare function and determined by the degree of income risk and risk aversion. The optimal linear capital tax is non-zero and trades ...
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作者：Yang, Crystal S.
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：This paper estimates the impact of local labor market conditions on criminal recidivism using administrative prison records on four million offenders released from 43 states between 2000 and 2013. Exploiting the timing of each offender's release from prison, I find that being released to a county with higher low-skilled wages significantly decreases the risk of recidivism. The impact of higher wages on recidivism is larger for both black offenders and first-time offenders, and in sectors that ...
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作者：Rauh, Christopher
作者单位：University of Cambridge
摘要：High inequality goes hand in hand with low intergenerational earnings mobility across countries. Little is known about why the US is characterized by high inequality and low mobility, while the opposite tends to hold for Scandinavian countries. In an overlapping generations model, calibrated to the US, education policies are endogenized via probabilistic voting. By exploiting cross-country variation in the bias in voter turnout towards the educated and elderly, the model replicates the negativ...
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作者：Asatryan, Zareh; Bittschi, Benjamin; Doerrenberg, Philipp
作者单位：Leibniz Association; Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW); University of Mannheim; Helmholtz Association; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Leibniz Association; Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW); Ifo Institut; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We study the effect of inflowing remittances - a major source of capital for many countries - on tax revenues and tax policy. Instrumenting remittances with changes in the oil-price interacted with a country's distance to oil producing countries, we find that remittances have a large positive effect on VAT revenues, but no effect on income-tax revenues. This suggests that remittances often escape the income tax but can be taxed via consumption. We further show that tax policy is responsive to ...
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作者：Brekke, Kurt R.; Holmas, Tor Helge; Monstad, Karin; Straume, Odd Rune
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); University of Bergen; Universidade do Minho
摘要：We study how General Practitioners (GPs) respond to fee changes with respect to the number of visits and treatment intensity. Our empirical strategy is to exploit within GP variation in the fee schedule due to specialisation in general medicine that implies a higher consultation fee, and to use only a narrow time window around the date of the fee change to identify the GPs' supply responses. Making use of detailed administrative claims data covering all GPs in Norway over a six-year period (20...
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作者：Marinescu, Ioana
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：During the Great Recession, U.S. unemployment benefits were extended by up to 73 weeks. Theory predicts that extensions increase unemployment by discouraging job search, a partial equilibrium effect. Using data from the large job board CareerBuilder.com, I find that a 10% increase in benefit duration decreased state-level job applications by 1%, but had no robust effect on job vacancies. Job seekers thus faced reduced competition for jobs, a general equilibrium effect. Calibration implies that...
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作者：Karachiwalla, Naureen; Park, Albert
作者单位：CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We provide evidence that promotion incentives influence the effort of public employees by studying China's system of promotions for teachers. Predictions from a tournament model of promotion are tested using retrospective panel data on primary and middle school teachers. Consistent with theory, high wage increases for promotion are associated with better performance, teachers increase effort in years leading up to promotion eligibility, and they reduce effort if they are repeatedly passed over...
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作者：Kuchumova, Yulia (Paramonova)
摘要：Despite the widespread recognition of the effectiveness of information reporting to increase tax compliance, existing tax theory considers tax audits to be the only tool to prevent evasion. This paper extends tax theory by modeling information reporting as an additional enforcement instrument that allows a tax authority to acquire signals about taxpayers' income. The paper rigorously characterizes the optimal strategy to maximize tax revenue when enforcement resources are limited. It determine...
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作者：Fisman, Raymond; Jakiela, Pamela; Kariv, Shachar
作者单位：Boston University; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We document the relationship between distributional preferences and voting decisions in a large and diverse sample of Americans. Using a generalized dictator game, we generate individual-level measures of fair-mindedness (the weight on oneself versus others) and equality-efficiency tradeoffs. Subjects' equality-efficiency tradeoffs predict their political decisions: equality-focused subjects are more likely to have voted for Barack Obama in 2012, and to be affiliated with the Democratic Party....
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作者：Gerritsen, Aart
作者单位：Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC
摘要：The social welfare implications of income tax policy are shown to critically depend on whether or not labor markets are rationed - i.e., on the existence of involuntary unemployment. With rationed labor markets, raising taxes on the employed and transfers to the unemployed might improve both equity and efficiency. It improves equity by redistributing income from the employed to the unemployed; it improves efficiency as it encourages people with a small utility surplus of employment to exit the...
