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作者：Browne, Jude
作者单位：University of Cambridge
摘要：This article introduces the regulatory gift as a conceptual framework for understanding a particular form of government-led deregulation that is presented as central to the public interest. Contra to theories of regulatory capture, government corruption, insider personal interest, or profit-seeking theories of regulation, the regulatory gift describes reform that is overtly designed by government to reduce or reorient regulators' functions to the advantage of the regulated and in line with mar...
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作者：Ewert, Christian; Kaufmann, Celine; Maggetti, Martino
作者单位：University of Zurich; University of Lausanne; University of Lausanne
摘要：Scholars and practitioners have repeatedly questioned the democraticness and the authority of transnational multi-stakeholder organizations, especially those that regulate the internet. To contribute to this discussion, we studied the democratic anchorages and the regulatory authority of 23 internet regulators. In particular, we conducted a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis assessing whether and which anchorages correspond to necessary and/or sufficient conditions for exerting regulat...
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作者：Fransen, Luc; Schalk, Jelmer; Auld, Graeme
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; Leiden University; Carleton University
摘要：Hundreds of transnational private governance organizations (TPGOs) have emerged in recent decades to govern social and environmental conditions of production using voluntary standards. A debate persists over whether the ties among different TPGOs and other organizations create a professional community that affects the behavior of TPGOs. To help resolve this debate, we analyze multiple ties among agriculture TPGOs to offer a more robust exploration of community structures and their potential ef...
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作者：Reinsberg, Bernhard; Stubbs, Thomas; Kentikelenis, Alexander; King, Lawrence
作者单位：University of Cambridge; University of Glasgow; University of London; Royal Holloway University London; Bocconi University; University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst
摘要：International organizations have become key actors in the fight against corruption. Among these organizations, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) maintains a powerful position over borrowing countries in its ability to mandate far-ranging policy reforms - so-called conditionalities - in exchange for access to financial assistance. While IMF pressure can force the implementation of anti-corruption policies, potentially reducing corruption, other IMF policy measures, such as the privatization...
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作者：Vormedal, Irja; Gulbrandsen, Lars H.
摘要：Research recognizes that strategic business interests can provide an important driver of private regulation, even in the absence of significant societal pressure and non-governmental organization-constructed demand. This article examines a range of competition and collective action-related interests that can motivate firms to promote and adopt certification schemes. We pay particular attention to the hitherto underexplored collective action interest to safeguard common-pool resources, upon whi...
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作者：Barash-Harman, Yael
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：This paper shows that manufacturer traceability triggers environmental standard diffusion from highly to weakly regulating countries, driving local companies to meet environmental regulation requirements. The paper aims to explain firms' environmental performance by using product differentiation as an indicator for manufacturer traceability. The findings show that differentiated goods sold to international markets prompt local firms to meet environmental regulation requirements and produce pos...
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作者：Pacheco, Pablo; Schoneveld, George; Dermawan, Ahmad; Komarudin, Heru; Djama, Marcel
作者单位：World Wildlife Fund; CGIAR; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); CGIAR; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); Universiti Putra Malaysia
摘要：The global palm oil value chain has grown in complexity; stakeholder relationships and linkages are increasingly shaped by new public and private standards that aim to ameliorate social and environmental costs while harnessing economic gains. Regulatory initiatives in the emerging policy regime complex struggle to resolve sector-wide structural performance issues: pervasive land conflicts, yield differences between companies and smallholders, and carbon emissions arising from deforestation and...
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作者：Solodoch, Omer; Sommer, Udi
作者单位：Tel Aviv University; Columbia University
摘要：In the modern nation-state, birthright citizenship laws - jus soli and jus sanguinis - are the two main gateways to sociopolitical membership. The vast majority of the world's population (97 percent) obtains their citizenship as a matter of birthright. Yet because comparative research has focused on measuring and explaining the multiple components of citizenship and immigration policies, a systematic analysis of birthright citizenship is lacking. We bridge this gap by analyzing the birthright ...
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作者：Abbott, Kenneth W.; Genschel, Philipp; Snidal, Duncan; Zangl, Bernhard
作者单位：Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; European University Institute; University of Oxford; University of Munich
摘要：Most governance is indirect, carried out through intermediaries. Principal-agent theory views indirect governance primarily as a problem of information: the agent has an informational advantage over the principal, which it can exploit to evade principal control. But indirect governance creates a more fundamental problem of power. Competent intermediaries with needed expertise, credibility, legitimacy, and/or operational capacity are inherently difficult to control because the policy benefits t...
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作者：Bennett, Colin J.; Raab, Charles D.
作者单位：University of Victoria; University of Edinburgh
摘要：The repertoire of policy instruments within a particular policy sector varies by jurisdiction; some tools of government are associated with particular administrative and regulatory traditions and political cultures. It is less clear how the instruments associated with a particular policy sector may change over time, as economic, social, and technological conditions evolve. In the early 2000s, we surveyed and analyzed the global repertoire of policy instruments deployed to protect personal data...
