Governing sustainable palm oil supply: Disconnects, complementarities, and antagonisms between state regulations and private standards

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Pacheco, Pablo; Schoneveld, George; Dermawan, Ahmad; Komarudin, Heru; Djama, Marcel
• 署名单位: World Wildlife Fund; CGIAR; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); CGIAR; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); Universiti Putra Malaysia
• 刊物名称: REGULATION & GOVERNANCE
• ISSN/ISSBN: 1748-5983
• DOI: 10.1111/rego.12220
• 发表日期: 2020
• 页码: 568-598
• 关键词: multilevel governance; regime complex; Indonesia; forest; deforestation; smallholders; CHALLENGES; moratorium; conversion; expansion

摘要

The global palm oil value chain has grown in complexity; stakeholder relationships and linkages are increasingly shaped by new public and private standards that aim to ameliorate social and environmental costs while harnessing economic gains. Regulatory initiatives in the emerging policy regime complex struggle to resolve sector-wide structural performance issues: pervasive land conflicts, yield differences between companies and smallholders, and carbon emissions arising from deforestation and peatland conversion. Identifying opportunities for more effective governance of the palm oil value chain and supply landscapes, this paper explores disconnects, complementarities, and antagonisms between public regulations and private standards, looking at the global, national, and subnational policy domains shaping chain actors' conduct. Greater complementarities have emerged among transnational instruments, but state regulation disconnects persist and antagonisms prevail between national state regulations and transnational private standards. Emerging experimental approaches, particularly at subnational level, aim to improve coordination to both enhance complementarities and resolve disconnects.