-
作者：Schuster, Christian
作者单位：University of London; University College London
摘要：Why would incumbents undertake institutional reforms that constrain their discretion over state resources? Many studies point to electoral competition in response. They argue that incumbents who risk exit from office undertake reform to insure themselves against potentially hostile successors. This paper challenges this line of reasoning, arguing that it confounds two potential implications of electoral competition - potential and certain electoral losses - which yield contrary reform incentiv...
-
作者：Bernauer, Thomas; Prakash, Aseem; Beiser-McGrath, Liam F.
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
摘要：Policies sometimes exempt particular categories of regulatees for reasons of equity and political feasibility. Will the non-exempt oppose the policy because they shoulder all of the policy costs? We outline an analytic framework for stress testing public support among the non-exempt when they are provided negative information about exemptions and reduced policy effectiveness. Empirically, we study public support for the odd-even road space rationing policy in India. Using a survey experiment w...
-
作者：Haines, Fiona; Macdonald, Kate
作者单位：University of Melbourne
摘要：Redress for communities harmed by transnational business activity remains elusive. This paper examines community efforts to access redress for human rights-related harms via recourse to transnational nonjudicial mechanisms (NJMs) - a prevalent but widely debated instrument of transnational business regulation. Drawing together insights from theoretical debates surrounding nonjudicial regulation and evidence from a major empirical study of human rights redress claims in Indonesia and India, the...
-
作者：O'Brien, Thomas C.; Tyler, Tom R.; Meares, Tracey L.
作者单位：Yale University
摘要：The research tests a model of reconciliation between authorities and communities. It expands past models of legitimacy to an intergroup dynamic model by identifying two community-level actions that legal authorities can undertake to build their popular legitimacy and promote cooperation. One type of action is a community-level reconciliatory gesture: an initiative that authorities make to communities to build trust by recognizing and trying to move beyond prior negative experiences. A second i...
-
作者：Knill, Christoph; Fernandez-i-Marin, Xavier; Budde, Emma; Heichel, Stephan
作者单位：University of Munich
摘要：Morality policies evince a much closer relationship to religious doctrines than is the case in other policy areas and hence constitute a most likely case for the observation of religious effects on policymaking and regulatory change. Yet we still lack generally accepted answers to the questions of whether and how religion matters to morality policy. In this paper, we present a theoretical argument that helps to overcome the seemingly contradictory expectations derived from the secularization a...
-
作者：Kinderman, Daniel
作者单位：University of Delaware
摘要：What are the prospects for the upward harmonization of regulatory standards, and why do governments support or oppose more stringent supranational regulation? To answer these questions, this paper examines an important case of upward regulatory harmonization, the European Union's non-financial disclosure Directive 2014/95/EU, which requires large firms to report on their social, environmental, and human rights impacts. In spite of favorable circumstances, the Directive's opponents watered down...
-
作者：Horton, David P.; Lynch-Wood, Gary
作者单位：University of Liverpool; University of Manchester
摘要：England's National Health Service, the fifth largest employer in the world, has become heavily influenced by expert authority and the market economy, which has had implications for accountability and the receptiveness of health decisions to stakeholder needs. One response has been the introduction of a range of regulatory provisions designed to facilitate effective governance and stakeholder engagement. These provisions are scrutinized using three conceptual devices: core accountability, socia...
-
作者：Pavon Mediano, Andres
摘要：This article tests functional and institutional explanations for the different levels of formal independence of regulatory agencies in Latin America. The analysis is grounded in an original database of the formal independence level of 104 regulators in 8 countries and 13 regulatory sectors. The results challenge a central claim of the credible commitment hypothesis as they indicate that privatization is not a significant determinant of agency independence nor are utility regulators more likely...
-
作者：van der Heijden, Jeroen
作者单位：Australian National University; Wageningen University & Research
摘要：Voluntary programs have rapidly become a means for the public, private, and third sectors to regulate and govern complex societal problems. Following the rapid and widespread emergence of these programs, scholars have been active in mapping, exploring, and interrogating their design and performance. Considerable advances have been made in describing program design and context conditions, and the actors involved in the voluntary program that relate to program performance. Less is known, however...
-
作者：Federo, Ryan; Saz-Carranza, Angel
作者单位：Universitat Ramon Llull; Escuela Superior de Administracion y Direccion de Empresas (ESADE)
摘要：The United Nations (UN) system comprises several intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) that were established to contribute to the functioning of the overall transnational system of delivering global public goods. However, many IGOs under the UN system are criticized for their failure to accomplish their mandates. Research argues that IGO boards serve as a governance mechanism that should be designed in order to effectively perform the monitoring function to ensure fulfillment of IGO mandates....
