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作者：Konig, Michael D.; Liu, Xiaodong; Zenou, Yves
作者单位：Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Monash University
摘要：We analyze a model of R&D alliance networks where firms are engaged in R&D collaborations that lower their production costs while competing on the product market. We provide a complete characterization of the Nash equilibrium and determine the optimal R&D subsidy program that maximizes total welfare. We then structurally estimate this model using a unique panel of R&D collaborations and annual company reports. We use our estimates to study the impact of targeted versus nondiscriminatory R&D su...
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作者：Palermo, Vincenzo; Higgins, Matthew J.; Ceccagnoli, Marco
作者单位：Accenture; University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Research has focused on why and when firms access external technology markets. Less is known about the reliability of patents attached to licensed technologies during litigation. Unreliable patents expose a firm to loss of downstream revenues. We address this by constructing a data set of patent litigation in the pharmaceutical industry and exploit a change in patent law that exogenously increased the probability of litigation. We find that licensed patents are more likely to fall during litig...
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作者：Brooks, Leah; Lutz, Byron
作者单位：George Washington University; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors
摘要：We document intracity spatial persistence and its causes. Streetcars dominated urban transit in Los Angeles County from the 1890s to the early 1910s, and were off the road entirely by 1963. However, we find that streetcars' influence remains readily visible in the current pattern of urban density and that this influence has not dissipated in the sixty years since the streetcar's removal. We examine land use regulation as both a consequence of streetcars and a mechanism for the persistent effec...
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作者：Campa, Pamela; Serafinelli, Michel
作者单位：Stockholm School of Economics; University of Essex
摘要：This paper investigates whether attitudes are affected by politico-economic regimes. We exploit the efforts of state socialist regimes to promote women's economic inclusion. Using the German partition after World War II, we show that women from East-Germany are more likely to place importance on career success compared to women from West-Germany. Further, the population at large in East Germany is less likely to hold traditional gender role attitudes. Examining possible mechanisms, we find tha...
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作者：Brown, Ryan; Montalva, Veronica; Thomas, Duncan; Velasquez, Andrea
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Children's Hospital Colorado; University of Colorado Denver; Inter-American Development Bank; Duke University
摘要：Whereas attitudes toward risk play an important role in many decisions over the life course, factors that affect those attitudes are not fully understood. Using longitudinal survey data collected in Mexico before and during the Mexican war on drugs, we investigate how risk attitudes change with variation in insecurity and uncertainty brought on by unprecedented changes in local-area violent crime. Exploiting the fact that the timing, virulence, and spatial distribution of changes in violent cr...
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作者：Roy, Shalini; Hidrobo, Melissa; Hoddinott, John; Ahmed, Akhter
作者单位：CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); Cornell University
摘要：Transfer programs have been shown to reduce intimate partner violence (IPV), but little evidence exists on how activities linked to transfers affect IPV or what happens when programs end. We assess postprogram impacts on IPV of randomly assigning women in Bangladesh to receive cash or food, with or without nutrition behavior change communication (BCC). Six to ten months postprogram, IPV did not differ between women receiving transfers and a control group; however, women receiving transfers wit...
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作者：Brown, Zach Y.
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Do information frictions in health care markets lead to higher prices and price dispersion? Focusing on medical imaging procedures, this paper examines the equilibrium effect of a unique statewide price transparency website. Price information leads to a shift to lower-cost providers, especially for patients subject to a deductible. Furthermore, supply-side effects play a significant role in the long run, benefiting all insured individuals. Supply-side effects reduce price dispersion and are es...
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作者：Imbens, Guido; Wager, Stefan
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：The increasing popularity of regression discontinuity methods for causal inference in observational studies has led to a proliferation of different estimating strategies, most of which involve first fitting nonparametric regression models on both sides of a treatment assignment boundary and then reporting plug-in estimates for the effect of interest. In applications, however, it is often difficult to tune the nonparametric regressions in a way that is well calibrated for the specific target of...
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作者：Khwaja, Asim I.; Mangal, Kunal
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作者：Stephens, Melvin, Jr.; Unayama, Takashi
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research; Hitotsubashi University
摘要：Survey nonresponse has risen in recent years, which has increased the share of imputed and underreported values found on commonly used data sets. While this trend has been well documented for earnings, the growth in nonresponse to government transfers questions has received far less attention. We demonstrate analytically that the underreporting and imputation of transfer benefits can lead to program impact estimates that are substantially overstated when using instrumental variables methods to...
