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作者：Doyle, Joseph; Graves, John; Gruber, Jonathan
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; Vanderbilt University
摘要：Hospital quality measures are crucial to a key idea behind health care payment reforms: paying for quality instead of quantity. Nevertheless, such measures face major criticisms largely over the potential failure of risk adjustment to overcome endogeneity concerns when ranking hospitals. In this paper, we test whether patients treated at hospitals that score higher on commonly used quality measures have better health outcomes in terms of rehospitalization and mortality. To compare similar pati...
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作者：Kuehn, Joseph
摘要：I introduce an empirical auction model where in addition to the private value that each bidder receives upon winning the auction, losing bidders incur a negative externality that depends on the identity of the rival winner. I show how the externalities and private value distributions can be identified and estimated in such a model. I then apply the model to U.S. Forest Service timber auctions. I find that mill bidders impose significant externalities on one another of between 10% and 22% of th...
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作者：Hungerman, Daniel M.; Rinz, Kevin; Frymark, Jay
作者单位：University of Notre Dame; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Governments have used vouchers to spend billions of dollars on private education; much of this has gone to religiously affiliated schools. We explore the possibility that vouchers could alter the financial outcomes of religious organizations that are operating schools and thus have an impact on the spiritual, moral, and social fabric of communities. Using a data set of Catholic parish finances from Milwaukee, we show that vouchers are a dominant source of funding for many churches. Vouchers ap...
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作者：Dzemski, Andreas
作者单位：University of Gothenburg
摘要：I study a dyadic linking model in which agents form directed links that exhibit homophily and reciprocity. A fixed-effect approach accounts for unobserved sources of degree heterogeneity. I consider specification testing and inference with respect to the homophily and reciprocity parameters. The specification test compares observed transitivity to predicted transitivity. All test statistics account for the presence of an incidental parameter by using formulas based on an asymptotic approximati...
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作者：Madeira, Carlos; Madeira, Joao
作者单位：Central Bank of Chile; University of York - UK
摘要：This paper shows that since votes of members of the Federal Open Market Committee have been included in press statements, stock prices increase after the announcement when votes are unanimous but fall when dissent (which typically is due to preference for higher interest rates) occurs. This pattern started prior to the 2007-2008 financial crisis. The differences in stock market reaction between unanimity and dissent remain, even controlling for the stance of monetary policy and consecutive dis...
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作者：Rangel, Marcos A.; Vogl, Tom S.
作者单位：Duke University; University of California System; University of California San Diego; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Fire has long served as a tool in agriculture, but the practice's link with economic activity has made its health consequences difficult to study. Drawing on data from satellite-based fire detection systems, air monitors, and vital records in Brazil, we study how in utero exposure to smoke from sugarcane harvest fires affects health at birth. Exploiting daily changes in fire location and wind direction for identification, we find that late-pregnancy smoke exposure decreases birthweight, gestat...
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作者：Black, Sandra E.; Butikofer, Aline; Devereux, Paul J.; Salvanes, Kjell G.
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); University College Dublin
摘要：We examine the effect of radiation exposure in utero, resulting from nuclear weapon testing in the 1950s and early 1960s, on long-run outcomes of Norwegian children. Exposure to low-dose radiation, specifically during months 3 and 4 in utero, leads to lower IQ scores for men and lower education attainment and earnings among men and women. Children of persons affected in utero also have lower cognitive scores, suggesting a persistent intergenerational effect of the shock to endowments. Given th...
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作者：Altmann, Steffen; Falk, Armin; Heidhues, Paul; Jayaraman, Rajshri; Teirlinck, Marrit
作者单位：University of Copenhagen; University of Bonn; University of Bonn; European School of Management & Technology; University of Toronto; Humboldt University of Berlin
摘要：We study the effects of defaults on charitable giving in a large-scale field experiment on an online fundraising platform. We exogenously vary default options along two choice dimensions: the charitable donation decision and the co-donation decision regarding how much to contribute to supporting the platform. We document a strong effect of defaults on individual behavior but nevertheless find that aggregate donation levels are unaffected by defaults. In contrast, co-donations increase in the d...
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作者：Barnichon, Regis; Brownlees, Christian
作者单位：Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Pompeu Fabra University; Barcelona School of Economics
摘要：Local projections (LP) is a popular methodology for the estimation of impulse responses (IR). Compared to the traditional VAR approach, LP allow for more flexible IR estimation by imposing weaker assumptions on the dynamics of the data. The nonparametric nature of LP comes at an efficiency cost, and in practice, the LP estimator may suffer from excessive variability. In this work, we propose an IR estimation methodology based on B-spline smoothing called smooth local projections (SLP). The SLP...
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作者：Levinson, Arik; O'Brien, James
作者单位：Georgetown University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Gettysburg College
摘要：Environmental Engel curves (EECs) describe households' incomes and the pollution necessary to produce the goods and services they consume. We calculate 29 annual EECs from 1984 to 2012 for point-source air pollutants in the United States, revealing three clear results: EECs slope upward, have income elasticities less than 1, and shift down over time. Even without changes to production techniques, pollution would have declined despite growing incomes. This improvement can be attributed about eq...
