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作者：Clemens, Michael A.; Montenegro, Claudio E.; Pritchett, Lant
作者单位：Universidad de Chile; Deutsches Institut Entwicklungspolitik (DIE); Harvard University
摘要：Large international differences in the price of labor can be sustained by differences between workers or by natural and policy barriers to worker mobility. We use migrant selection theory and evidence to place lower bounds on the ad valorem equivalent of labor mobility barriers to the United States, with unique nationally representative microdata on both U.S. immigrant workers and workers in their 42 home countries. The average price equivalent of migration barriers in this setting for low-ski...
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作者：McKenzie, David; Paffhausen, Anna Luisa
作者单位：The World Bank; University of Passau
摘要：We collate sixteen panel surveys from twelve developing countries to develop stylized facts from over 14,000 firms on how much firm death there is, which types of these firms are most likely to die, and why they die. Small firms die at an average rate of 8.2% per year. Death rates are higher in richer countries, for younger firms and less profitable firms, and for firms run by youth. We also find that firm death need not mean permanent exit from self-employment for the firm owner.
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作者：Calonico, Sebastian; Cattaneo, Matias D.; Farrell, Max H.; Titiunik, Rocio
作者单位：Columbia University; Princeton University; University of Chicago
摘要：We study regression discontinuity designs when covariates are included in the estimation. We examine local polynomial estimators that include discrete or continuous covariates in an additive separable way, but without imposing any parametric restrictions on the underlying population regression functions. We recommend a covariate-adjustment approach that retains consistency under intuitive conditions and characterize the potential for estimation and inference improvements. We also present new c...
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作者：Heffetz, Ori; Reeves, Daniel B.
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Cornell University
摘要：How high is unemployment? How low is labor force participation? Is obesity more prevalent among men? How large are household expenditures? We study the sources of the relevant official statistics-the Current Population Survey, the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, and the Consumer Expenditure Survey-and find that the answers depend on whether we look at easy- or at difficult-to-reach respondents, measured by the number of call and visit attempts made by interviewers. A challenge to t...
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作者：Head, Keith; Li, Yao Amber; Minondo, Asier
作者单位：University of British Columbia; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; University of Deusto
摘要：Combining data on locations with career and educational histories of mathematicians, we study how distance and ties affect citation patterns. The ties considered include coauthorship, past colocation, and relationships mediated by advisers and the alma mater. With fixed effects capturing subject similarity and article quality, we find linkages are strongly associated with citation. Controlling for ties generally halves the negative impact of geographic barriers on citations. Ties matter more f...
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作者：Agrawal, David R.; Foremny, Dirk
作者单位：University of Kentucky; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Barcelona
摘要：A Spanish reform granted regions the authority to set income tax rates, resulting in substantial tax differentials. Using administrative data, we find that conditional on moving, taxes have a significant effect on location choice. A 1% increase in the net-of-tax rate for a region relative to others increases the probability of moving to that region by 1.7 percentage points. We estimate an elasticity of the number of top taxpayers with respect to net-of-tax rates of 0.85. The mechanical increas...
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作者：Andreoli, Francesco; Havnes, Tarjei; Lefranc, Arnaud
作者单位：University of Oslo; CY Cergy Paris Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：This paper develops a criterion to assess equalization of opportunity that is consistent with theoretical views of equality of opportunity. We characterize inequality of opportunity as a situation where some groups in society enjoy an illegitimate advantage. In this context, equalization of opportunity requires that the extent of the illegitimate advantage enjoyed by the privileged groups falls. Robustness requires that this judgment be supported by the broadest class of individual preferences...
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作者：Abadie, Alberto; Kasy, Maximilian
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Harvard University
摘要：Many settings in empirical economics involve estimation of a large number of parameters. In such settings, methods that combine regularized estimation and data-driven choices of regularization parameters are useful. We provide guidance to applied researchers on the choice between regularized estimators and data-driven selection of regularization parameters. We characterize the risk and relative performance of regularized estimators as a function of the data-generating process and show that dat...
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作者：Jin, Ginger Zhe; Jones, Benjamin; Lu, Susan Feng; Uzzi, Brian
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; National Bureau of Economic Research; Northwestern University; Purdue University System; Purdue University
摘要：Teamwork pervades modern production, yet teamwork can make individual roles difficult to ascertain. The Matthew effect suggests that communities reward eminent team members for great outcomes at the expense of less eminent team members. We study this phenomenon in reverse, investigating credit sharing after damaging events. Our context is article retractions in the sciences. We find that retractions impose little citation penalty on the prior work of eminent coauthors, but less eminent coautho...
