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作者：Conti, Annamaria; Guzman, Jorge A. A.
作者单位：IE University; Columbia University
摘要：We investigate underlying sources of the US entrepreneurial ecosystem's advantage compared to other innovative economies by assessing the benefits that Israeli startups derive from migrating to the United States. Addressing positive sorting into migration, we show that migrants raise larger funding amounts and are more likely to have a U.S. trademark and be acquired than nonmigrants. Migrants also achieve a higher acquisition value. However, their patent output is not larger. We conclude that ...
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作者：Gazeaud, Jules; Mvukiyehe, Eric; Sterck, Olivier
作者单位：Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Duke University; University of Oxford
摘要：Will the fast expansion of cash-based programming in poor countries increase international migration? Theoretically, cash transfers may deter migration by increasing its opportunity cost or favor migration by relaxing liquidity, credit, and risk constraints. This paper evaluates the impact of a cash-for-work program on migration. Randomly selected households in Comoros were offered up to US$320 in cash in exchange for their participation in public works projects. We find that the program incre...
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作者：Haaland, Ingar; Roth, Christopher
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); University of Cologne
摘要：This paper provides representative evidence on beliefs about racial discrimination and examines whether information causally affects support for pro-black policies. Eliciting quantitative beliefs about the extent of hiring discrimination against blacks, we uncover large disagreement about the extent of racial discrimination with particularly pronounced partisan differences. An information treatment leads to a convergence in beliefs about racial discrimination but does not lead to a similar con...
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作者：Mele, Angelo; Zhu, Lingjiong
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; State University System of Florida; Florida State University
摘要：We develop approximate estimation methods for exponential random graph models (ERGMs), whose likelihood is proportional to an intractable normalizing constant. The usual approach approximates this constant with Monte Carlo simulations; however, convergence may be exponentially slow. We propose a deterministic method, based on a variational mean-field approximation of the ERGM's normalizing constant. We compute lower and upper bounds for the approximation error for any network size, adapting no...
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作者：Kowalski, Amanda E.
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：A headline result from the Oregon Health Insurance Experiment is that emergency room (ER) utilization increased. A seemingly contradictory result from the Massachusetts health reform is that ER utilization decreased. I reconcile both results by identifying treatment effect heterogeneity within the Oregon experiment and extrapolating it to Massachusetts. Even though Oregon compliers increased their ER utilization, they were adversely selected relative to Oregon never takers, who would have decr...
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作者：Canen, Nathan; Martin, Gregory J. J.
作者单位：University of Houston System; University of Houston; Stanford University
摘要：We empirically investigate key dynamic features of advertising competition in elections using a new data set of very high-frequency, household-level television viewing matched to campaign advertising exposures. First, we show that exposure to campaign advertising increases households' consumption of news programming by 3 or 4 minutes on average over the next 24 hours. The identification compares households viewing a program when a political ad appeared to viewers in the same market who barely ...
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作者：Shapiro, Jacob N. N.; Eynde, Oliver Vanden
作者单位：Princeton University; Paris School of Economics; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
摘要：Can tax regimes shape the incentives to engage in armed conflict? Indian mining royalties benefit the states but are set by the central government. India's Maoist belt is mineral rich, and states are responsible for counterinsurgency operations. We exploit the introduction of a 10% ad valorem tax on iron ore that increased royalty collections of the affected states by a factor of 10. We find that the royalty hike was followed by a significant intensification of violence in districts with impor...
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作者：Iizuka, Toshiaki; Shigeoka, Hitoshi
作者单位：University of Tokyo; Simon Fraser University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This study tests whether demand responds symmetrically to price increases and decreases-a seemingly obvious proposition under conventional demand theory that has not been rigorously tested. Exploiting the rapid expansion in Japanese municipal subsidies for child health care in a difference-in-differences framework, we find evidence against conventional demand theory: when coinsurance, our price measure, increases from 0% to 30%, the demand response is more than twice that to a price decrease f...
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作者：Boone, Christopher D. A.; Wilse-Samson, Laurence
作者单位：University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst; University of Johannesburg
摘要：We analyze sectoral labor reallocation and the reversal of urbanization in the United States during the Great Depression. The widespread movement to farms, which serves as a form of migratory insurance during the crisis, is largely toward farms with low levels of mechanization. In contrast, the mechanized agricultural sector sheds workers, many of whom reallocate into low-productivity or subsistence farming. The crisis perverts the normal process of structural change in which workers displaced...
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作者：Charness, Gary; Feri, Francesco; Melendez-Jimenez, Miguel A.; Sutter, Matthias
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of London; Royal Holloway University London; Universidad de Malaga; University of Cologne; Max Planck Society; University of Innsbruck
摘要：We examine how preplay communication and clustering affect play in a challenging hybrid experimental game on networks. Free-form chat is impressively effective in achieving the nonequilibrium efficient outcome, but restricted communication has little effect. We support this result with a model about the credibility of cheap-talk messages. We also offer a model of message diffusion that correctly predicts more rapid diffusion without clustering. We show an interaction effect of network structur...
