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作者：Miller, Conrad
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：This paper examines whether job suburbanization caused declines in black employment rates from 1970 to 2000. I find that black workers are less likely than white workers to work in observably similar jobs that are located further from the central city. Using evidence from establishment relocations, I find that this relationship reflects at least in part the causal effect of job location. At the local labor market level, I find that job suburbanization is associated with substantial declines in...
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作者：Miller, Ray; Bairoliya, Neha
作者单位：Colorado State University System; Colorado State University Fort Collins; University of Southern California
摘要：We estimate the distribution of well-being among the older U.S. population using an expected utility framework that incorporates differences in consumption, leisure, health, and mortality. We find large disparities in welfare that have increased over time. Incorporating the cost of living with poor health into elderly welfare substantially increases the overall inequality. Disparity measures based on cross-sectional income or consumption underestimate the growth in aggregate welfare inequality...
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作者：Agarwal, Sumit; Kigabo, Thomas; Minoiu, Camelia; Presbitero, Andrea F.; Silva, Andre F.
作者单位：National University of Singapore; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Atlanta; International Monetary Fund; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors
摘要：A large-scale microcredit expansion program-together with a credit bureau accessible to all lenders-can enable unbanked borrowers to build a credit history, facilitating their transition to commercial banks. Loan-level data from Rwanda show the program improved access to credit and reduced poverty. A sizable share of first-time borrowers switched to commercial banks, which cream-skim less risky borrowers and grant them larger, cheaper, and longer-maturity loans. Switchers have lower default ri...
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作者：Jorgensen, Thomas H.
作者单位：University of Copenhagen
摘要：A common approach to estimation of dynamic economic models is to calibrate a subset of model parameters and keep them fixed when estimating the remaining parameters. Calibrated parameters likely affect conclusions based on the model, but estimation time often makes a systematic investigation of the sensitivity to calibrated parameters infeasible. I propose a simple and computationally low-cost measure of the sensitivity of parameters and other objects of interest to the calibrated parameters. ...
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作者：Chyn, Eric; Haggag, Kareem
作者单位：Dartmouth College; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：How does one's childhood neighborhood shape political engagement later in life? We study voting rates of children who were displaced by public housing demolitions and moved to higher opportunity areas using housing vouchers. Those displaced during childhood had 11% (2 pp) higher participation in the 2016 Presidential election and were 10% (2.9 pp) more likely to vote in any general election. We argue that the results are unlikely to be driven by changes in incarceration or parental outcomes bu...
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作者：Morrison, William; Taubinsky, Dmitry
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper tests costly attention models of consumers' misreaction to opaque taxes. We report an online shopping experiment that involves shrouded sales taxes that are exogenously varied within consumers over time. Some consumers systematically underreact to sales taxes whereas others systematically overreact, but higher stakes decrease both under- and overreaction. This is consistent with consumers using heterogeneous rules of thumb to compute the opaque tax when the stakes are low, but using...
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作者：Edmonds, Eric; Feigenberg, Ben; Leight, Jessica
作者单位：Dartmouth College; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
摘要：More than 98 million adolescent girls are not in school. Can girls influence their schooling without changes in their family's economic environment? In Rajasthan, India, we examine the impact of a school-based life skills program that seeks to address low aspirations, narrow societal roles for girls and women, restricted networks of social support, and limited decision-making power. We find the intervention causes a 25% decline in school dropout that persists from seventh grade through the tra...
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作者：Kreindler, Gabriel E.; Miyauchi, Yuhei
作者单位：Harvard University; Boston University
摘要：We show how to use commuting flows to infer the spatial distribution of income within a city. A simple workplace choice model predicts a gravity equation for commuting flows whose destination fixed effects correspond to wages. We implement this method with cell phone transaction data from Dhaka and Colombo. Model-predicted income predicts separate income data, at the workplace and residential level, and by skill group. Unlike machine learning approaches, our method does not require training da...
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作者：Sims, Eric; Wu, Jing Cynthia; Zhang, Ji
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper develops a New Keynesian model featuring financial intermediation, short- and long-term bonds, credit shocks, and scope for unconventional monetary policy. The log-linearized model reduces to four equations: Phillips and IS curves, as well as policy rules for the short-term interest rate and the central bank's long-bond portfolio (QE). Credit shocks and QE appear in both the IS and Phillips curves. In equilibrium, optimal monetary policy entails adjusting the short-term interest rat...
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作者：Arulampalam, Wiji; Papini, Andrea
作者单位：University of Warwick; European Commission Joint Research Centre
摘要：Analysis of the relationship between taxes and self-employment should account for the interplay between responses in self-employment and wage employment. To this end, we estimate a two-state multispell duration model which accounts for both observed and unobserved heterogeneity using a large longitudinal administrative data set for Norway for 1993 to 2011. Our findings confirm theoretical predictions and are robust to various changes to definitions and sample selections. A policy experiment si...
