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作者：Arteaga, Carolina
作者单位：University of Toronto
摘要：This paper presents new evidence showing that parental incarceration increases children's education. I collect criminal records for 90,000 low-income parents who have been convicted of a crime in Colombia, and link the educational attainment of their children. I exploit exogenous variation resulting from the random assignment of judges and extend the standard framework to incorporate both conviction and incarceration decisions. I show that the effect of incarceration for a given conviction thr...
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作者：Alan, Sule; Duysak, Enes; Kubilay, Elif; Mumcu, Ipek
作者单位：European University Institute; University of Essex; University of Exeter
摘要：Using data on primary school children and their teachers, we show that teachers who hold prejudicial attitudes towards an ethnic group create socially and spatially segregated classrooms. Leveraging a natural experiment where newly arrived refugee children are randomly assigned to teachers within schools, we find that teachers' ethnic prejudice, measured by an implicit association test, significantly lowers the prevalence of interethnic social links, increases homophilic ties among host childr...
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作者：Mann, Katja; Puettmann, Lukas
作者单位：Copenhagen Business School
摘要：We provide a new measure of automation based on patents and study its employment effects. Classifying all U.S. patents granted between 1976 and 2014 as automation or nonautomation patents, we document a strong rise in the number and share of automation patents. We link patents to their industries of use and to commuting zones. To estimate the effect of automation, we use an instrumental variables strategy that relies on innovations developed independently from U.S. labor market trends. We find...
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作者：Gruber, Jonathan; Hoe, Thomas P.; Stoye, George
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; Cornell University; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We study how emergency department (ED) doctors respond to incentives to reduce wait times. We use bunching techniques to study an English policy that imposed strong incentives to treat patients within four hours. The policy reduced time spent in the ED by 21 minutes for affected patients yet caused doctors to increase treatment intensity and admit more patients. We find a striking 14% reduction in mortality. Analysis of patient severity and hospital crowding strongly suggests it is the wait ti...
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作者：Ganapati, Sharat; Mckibbin, Rebecca
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; Georgetown University; University of Sydney
摘要：Wide dispersion is seen in pharmaceutical prices across countries with comparable quality standards. Under monopoly, off-patent and generic drug prices are at least four times higher in the United States than in comparable English-speaking high-income countries. With five or more competitors, off-patent drug prices are similar or lower. Our analysis shows that differential U.S. markups are largely driven by the market power of drug suppliers and are not due to wholesale intermediaries or pharm...
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作者：Aastveit, Knut Are; Furlanetto, Francesco; Loria, Francesca
作者单位：BI Norwegian Business School; BI Norwegian Business School; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors
摘要：We investigate whether the Federal Reserve has responded systematically to house and stock prices and whether this response has changed over time using a Bayesian structural VAR model with time-varying parameters and stochastic volatility. To recover the systematic component of monetary policy, we interpret the interest rate equation in the VAR as an extended monetary policy rule responding to inflation, the output gap, house prices, and stock prices. Our results indicate that the systematic c...
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作者：Koelle, Felix; Wenner, Lukas
作者单位：University of Cologne
摘要：We investigate dynamically inconsistent time preferences across contexts with and without interpersonal trade-offs. In a longitudinal experiment, participants make a series of intertemporal allocation decisions of real-effort tasks between themselves and another person. Our results reveal that agents are present-biased when making choices that affect only themselves but not when choosing on behalf of others. Despite this asymmetry, we find no evidence for time-inconsistent generosity, that is,...
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作者：Xu, Guo
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：I combine personnel records with vital statistics for 1910 to 1925 to study how bureaucratic representation affected mortality in 1,271 Indian towns during the 1918 influenza pandemic. Exploiting the rotation of senior colonial officers across districts and a cross-border comparison, towns headed by Indian (as opposed to British) district officers experienced 15 percentage points lower deaths. The lower mortality effects extended beyond the urban areas and coincided with greater responsiveness...
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作者：Leiva-Leon, Danilo; Uzeda, Luis
作者单位：European Central Bank; Bank of Canada
摘要：We introduce a new class of time-varying parameter vector autoregressions (TVP-VARs) where the identified structural innovations are allowed to influence the dynamics of the coefficients in these models. An estimation algorithm and a parameterization conducive to model comparison are also provided. We apply our framework to the U.S. economy. Scenario analysis suggests that once accounting for the influence of structural shocks on the autoregressive coefficients, the effects of monetary policy ...
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作者：Denning, Jeffrey T.; Murphy, Richard; Weinhardt, Felix
作者单位：University of Notre Dame; National Bureau of Economic Research; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Leibniz Association; DIW Berlin - Deutsches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung; Ifo Institut; European University Viadrina Frankfurt Oder; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：This paper considers an unavoidable feature of the school environment, class rank. What are the long-run effects of a student's ordinal rank in elementary school? Using administrative data on all public school students in Texas, we show that students with a higher third-grade academic rank, conditional on achievement and classroom fixed effects, have higher subsequent test scores, are more likely to take AP classes, graduate from high school, enroll in and graduate from college, and ultimately...
