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作者：Shang, Xueying; Talross, Gaelle J. S.; Carlson, John R.
作者单位：Yale University
摘要：Proper expression of odor receptor genes is critical for the function of olfactory systems. In this study, we identified exitrons (exonic introns) in four of the 39 Odorant receptor (Or) genes expressed in the Drosophila antenna. Exitrons are sequences that can be spliced out from within a protein- coding exon, thereby altering the encoded protein. We focused on Or88a, which encodes a pheromone receptor, and found that exitron splicing of Or88a is conserved across five Drosophila species over ...
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作者：Simon, C.; Silevitch, D. M.; Rosenbaum, T. F.; Stampa, P. C. E.
作者单位：California Institute of Technology; University of British Columbia; University of British Columbia
摘要：Most macroscopic magnetic phenomena (including magnetic hysteresis) are typically understood classically. Here, we examine the dynamics of a uniaxial rare-earth ferromagnet deep within the quantum regime, so that domain wall motion, and the associated hysteresis, is initiated by quantum nucleation, which then grows into largescale domain wall motion, which is observable as an unusual form of Barkhausen noise. We observe noncritical behavior in the resulting avalanche dynamics that only can be ...
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作者：Sun, Pan; Lin, Xiao - Min; Berab, Mrinal K.; Lin, Binhua; Ying, Dongchen; Chang, Tieyan; Bu, Wei; Schlossman, Mark L.
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; University of Chicago; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Argonne National Laboratory; University of Chicago
摘要：The extractant-assisted transport of metal ions from aqueous to organic environments by liquid-liquid extraction has been widely used to separate and recover critical elements on an industrial scale. While current efforts focus on designing better extractants and optimizing process conditions, the mechanism that underlies ionic transport remains poorly understood. Here, we report a nonequilibrium process in the bulk aqueous phase that influences interfacial ion transport: the formation of meta...
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作者：Sun, Xiao; Liu, Lu; Wu, Chao; Li, Xueying; Guo, Jinzhen; Zhang, Junqiu; Guan, Junhong; Wang, Nan; Gu, Liya; Yang, Willian; Li, Guo-Min
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Zhejiang University; Lanzhou University; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California Los Angeles Medical Center; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Capital Medical University
摘要：Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded CAG repeat in the huntingtin (HTT) gene. The repeat- expanded HTT encodes a mutated HTT (mHTT), which is known to induce DNA double- strand breaks (DSBs), activation of the cGAS-STING pathway, and apoptosis in HD. However, the mechanism by which mHTT triggers these events is unknown. Here, we show that HTT interacts with both exonuclease 1 (Exo1) and MutL alpha (MLH1-PMS2), a negative regulator of Exo1. ...
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作者：Tamburrini, Ketty C.; Kodama, Sayo; Grisel, Sacha; Haon, Mireille; Nishiuchi, Takumi; Bissaro, Bastien; Kubo, Yasuyuki; Longhi, Sonia; Berrin, Jean-Guy
作者单位：Aix-Marseille Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - National Institute for Biology (INSB); Aix-Marseille Universite; INRAE; Setsunan University; Aix-Marseille Universite; INRAE; Kanazawa University
摘要：Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are monocopper enzymes that oxidatively degrade various polysaccharides, such as cellulose. Despite extensive research on this class of enzymes, the role played by their C- terminal regions predicted to be intrinsically disordered (dCTR) has been overlooked. Here, we investigated the function of the dCTR of an LPMO, called CoAA9A, up- regulated during plant infection by Colletotrichum orbiculare, the causative agent of anthracnose. After recombinant ...
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作者：Kim, Andrew; Goswami, Anjan; Taghinejad, Mohammad; Cai, Wenshan
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; Stanford University; University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology
摘要：Chirality is a geometric property describing the lack of mirror symmetry. This unique feature enables photonic spin- selectivity in light-matter interaction, which is of great significance in stereochemistry, drug development, quantum optics, and optical polarization control. The versatile control of optical geometry renders optical metamaterials as an effective platform for engineered chiral properties at prescribed spectral regimes. Unfortunately, geometry- imposed restrictions only allow on...
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作者：Murphy, Kieran A.; Bassett, Dani S.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; The Santa Fe Institute
摘要：One of the fundamental steps toward understanding a complex system is identifying variation at the scale of the system's components that is most relevant to behavior on a macroscopic scale. Mutual information provides a natural means of linking between observables. However, characterizing the manner in which information is distributed across a set of observables is computationally challenging and generally infeasible beyond a handful of measurements. Here, we propose a practical and general me...
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作者：Rusconi, Brigida; Bard, Adina K.; Mcdonough, Ryan; Kindsvogel, Angel M.; Wang, Jacqueline D.; Udayan, Sreeram; Mcdonald, Keely G.; Newberry, Rodney D.; Tarr, Phillip I.
作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL)
摘要：Maternal immunoglobulins of the class G (IgGs) protect offspring from enteric infection, but when, where, and how these antibodies are physiologically generated and confer protection remains enigmatic. We found that circulating IgGs in adult mice preferentially bind early- life gut commensal bacteria over their own adult gut commensal bacteria. IgG- secreting plasma cells specific for early- life gut bacteria appear in the intestine soon after weaning, where they remain into adulthood. Manipul...
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作者：Rosay, Thibaut; Jimenez, Angel G.; Sperandio, Vanessa
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
摘要：Glucuronidation is a detoxification process to eliminate endo- and xeno- biotics and neurotransmitters from the host circulation. Glucuronosyltransferase binds these compounds to glucuronic acid (GlcA), deactivating them and allowing their elimination through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, the microbiota produces beta- glucuronidases that release GlcA and reactivate these compounds. Enteric pathogens such as enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and Citrobacter rodentium sense a...
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作者：Barrage, Lint; Nordhaus, William
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The present study examines the assumptions, modeling structure, and results of DICE - 2023, the revised Dynamic Integrated Model of Climate and the Economy (DICE), updated to 2023. The revision contains major changes in the treatment of risk, the carbon and climate modules, the treatment of nonindustrial greenhouse gases, discount rates, as well as updates on all the major components. Noteworthy changes are a significant reduction in the target for the optimal (cost- beneficial) temperature pa...
