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作者：Burney, Jennifer; Mcintosh, Craig; Lopez-Videla, Bruno; Samphantharak, Krislert; Maia, Alexandre Gori
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Universidade Estadual de Campinas
摘要：Effective policies for adaptation to climate change require understanding how impactsare related to exposures and vulnerability, the dimensions of the climate systemthat will change most and where human impacts will be most draconian, and theinstitutions best suited to respond. Here, we propose a simple method for more crediblypairing empirical statistical damage estimates derived from recent weather and outcomeobservations with projected future climate changes and proposed responses. We first...
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作者：Zhang, Ze- Long; Wang, Xiao-Jing; Lu, Jia-Bao; Bin Lu, Hai-; Ye, Zhuang-Xin; Xu, Zhong-Tian; Zhang, Chao; Chen, Jian- Ping; Li, Jun - Min; Zhang, Chuan- Xi; Huang, Hai- Jian
作者单位：Ningbo University; Henan Agricultural University
摘要：Communication between insects and plants relies on the exchange of bioactive molecules that traverse the species interface. Although proteinic effectors have been extensively studied, our knowledge of other molecules involved in this process remains limited. In this study, we investigate the role of salivary microRNAs (miRNAs) from the rice planthopper Nilaparvata lugens in suppressing plant immunity. A total of three miRNAs were confirmed to be secreted into host plants during insect feeding....
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作者：Michimori, Yuta; Yokooji, Yuusuke; Atomi, Haruyuki
作者单位：Kyoto University; Kyoto University; Kyoto University
摘要：All forms of life are presumed to synthesize arginine from citrulline via a two - step pathway consisting of argininosuccinate synthetase and argininosuccinate lyase using citrulline, adenosine 5'- triphosphate (ATP), and aspartate as substrates. Conversion of arginine to citrulline predominantly proceeds via hydrolysis. Here, from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis, we identified an enzyme which we designate arginine synthetase. In arginine synthesis, the enzyme converts...
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作者：Camara-Checa, Anabel; Rubio-Alarcon, Marcos; Dago, Maria; Crespo-Garcia, Teresa; Rapun, Josu; Tamargo, Juan; Gomez, Ricardo; Caballero, Ricardo; Delpon, Eva
作者单位：CIBER - Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red; CIBERCV
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作者：Chen, Zheqi; Zhang, Guogao; Luo, Yingwu; Suo, Zhigang
作者单位：Harvard University; Zhejiang University
摘要：Many composites consist of matrices of elastomers and nanoparticles of stiff materials. Such composites often have superior properties and are widely used. Embedding elastomers with nanoparticles commonly necessitates intense shear, using machines like extruders and roll millers, which cut polymer chains and degrade properties. Here, we prepare a rubber- glass nanocomposite by using two aqueous emulsions. Each emulsion is separately prepared with a single species of polymer chains. Each polyme...
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作者：Ishibashi, Tomohiko; Inagaki, Tadakatsu; Okazawa, Makoto; Yamagishi, Akiko; Ohta-Ogo, Keiko; Asano, Ryotaro; Masaki, Takeshi; Kotani, Yui; Ding, Xin; Chikaishi-Kirino, Tomomi; Maedera, Noriko; Shirai, Manabu; Hatakeyama, Kinta; Kubota, Yoshiaki; Kishimoto, Tadamitsu; Nakaoka, Yoshikazu
作者单位：National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center - Japan; National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center - Japan; National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center - Japan; National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center - Japan; Keio University; University of Osaka; University of Osaka; University of Osaka
摘要：Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by stenosis and occlusions of small pulmonary arteries, leading to elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and right heart failure. Although accumulating evidence shows the importance of interleukin (IL)- 6 in the pathogenesis of PAH, the target cells of IL- 6 are poorly understood. Using mice harboring the floxed allele of gp130, a subunit of the IL- 6 receptor, we found substantial Cre recombination in all hematopoietic cell lineages from t...
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作者：Xing, Huihua; Pereira, Aramis Jose; Fiora, Maria Mercedes; Aguiar-Alves, Fabio; Tagliazucchi, Mario; Conda-Sheridan, Martin
作者单位：University of Nebraska System; University of Nebraska Medical Center; University of Buenos Aires; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET); University of Buenos Aires; Palm Beach Atlantic University West Palm Beach
摘要：In recent decades, peptide amphiphiles (PAs) have established themselves as promising efficacy. We studied two strategies: PA-LJC nanostructures (Encapsulation) and PA nanostructures + free LJC (Combination). Computational modeling using a molecular theory for amphiphile self- assembly captures and explains the morphology of PA-LJC nanostructures and the location of encapsulated LJC in agreement with transmission electron microscopy and two- dimensional (2D) NMR observations. The morphology an...
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作者：Anderson, David G.
作者单位：University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville
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作者：Kim, Kyung-Hee; Hong, Eun Pyo; Lee, Yukyeong; Mclean, Zachariah L.; Elezi, Emanuela; Lee, Ramee; Kwak, Seung; Mcallister, Branduff; Massey, Thomas H.; Lobanov, Sergey; Holmans, Peter; Orth, Michael; Ciosi, Marc; Monckton, Darren G.; Long, Jeffrey D.; Lucente, Diane; Wheeler, Vanessa C.; Macdonald, Marcy E.; Gusella, James F.; Lee, Jong- Min
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; CHDI Foundation, Inc.; Cardiff University; University of Glasgow; University of Iowa; University of Iowa; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School
摘要：Many Mendelian disorders, such as Huntington's disease (HD) and spinocerebellar ataxias, arise from expansions of CAG trinucleotide repeats. Despite the clear genetic causes, additional genetic factors may influence the rate of those monogenic disorders. Notably, genome - wide association studies discovered somewhat expected modifiers, particularly mismatch repair genes involved in the CAG repeat instability, impacting age at onset of HD. Strikingly, FAN1 , previously unrelated to repeat insta...
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作者：Bork, Peter A. R.; Hauglund, Natalie L.; Mori, Yuki; Mollgard, Kjeld; Hjorth, Poul G.; Nedergaard, Maiken
作者单位：University of Copenhagen; University of Copenhagen; Technical University of Denmark
摘要：Fluid efflux from the brain plays an important role in solute waste clearance. Current experimental approaches provide little spatial information, and data collection is limited due to short duration or low frequency of sampling. One approach shows tracer efflux to be independent of molecular size, indicating bulk flow, yet also decelerating like simple membrane diffusion. In an apparent contradiction to this report, other studies point to tracer efflux acceleration. We here develop a one-dime...
