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作者：Knight, Hannah Riley; Ketter, Ellen; Ung, Trevor; Weiss, Adam; Ajit, Jainu; Chen, Qing; Shen, Jingjing; Ip, Ka Man; Chiang, Chun-yi; Barreiro, Luis; Esser-Kahn, Aaron
作者单位：University of Chicago; University of Chicago
摘要：Trained immunity is characterized by epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming in response to specific stimuli. This rewiring can result in increased cytokine and effector responses to pathogenic challenges, providing nonspecific protection against disease. It may also improve immune responses to established immunotherapeutics and vaccines. Despite its promise for next-- generation therapeutic design, most current understanding and experimentation is conducted with complex and heterogeneous biolo...
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作者：Alasady, Milad J.; Koeva, Martina; Takagishi, Seesha R.; Segal, Dmitri; Amici, David R.; Smith, Roger S.; Ansel, Daniel J.; Lindquist, Susan; Whitesell, Luke; Bartom, Elizabeth T.; Taipale, Mikko; Mendillo, Marc L.
作者单位：Northwestern University; Feinberg School of Medicine; Northwestern University; Feinberg School of Medicine; Northwestern University; Feinberg School of Medicine; Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Whitehead Institute; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of Toronto
摘要：Heat Shock Factor 1 (HSF1) is best known as the master transcriptional regulator of the heat- shock response (HSR), a conserved adaptive mechanism critical for protein homeostasis (proteostasis). Combining a genome-wide- wide RNAi library with an HSR reporter, we identified Jumonji domain-- containing protein 6 (JMJD6) as an essential mediator of HSF1 activity. In follow- up studies, we found that JMJD6 is itself a noncanonical transcriptional target of HSF1 which acts as a critical regulator ...
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作者：Allen, Timothy A.; Hallquist, Michael N.; Dombrovski, Alexandre Y.
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine
摘要：Human cognitive capacities that enable flexible cooperation may have evolved in parallel with the expansion of frontoparietal cortical networks, particularly the default network. Conversely, human antisocial behavior and trait antagonism are broadly associated with reduced activity, impaired connectivity, and altered structure of the default network. Yet, behaviors like interpersonal manipulation and exploitation may require intact or even superior social cognition. Using a reinforcement learn...
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作者：Tu, Weiming; Thompson, Ian P.; Huang, Wei E.
作者单位：University of Oxford
摘要：Hydrogen production through water splitting is a vital strategy for renewable and sustainable clean energy. In this study, we developed an approach integrating nanomaterial engineering and synthetic biology to establish a bionanoreactor system for efficient hydrogen production. The periplasmic space (20 to 30 nm) of an electroactive bacterium, Shewanella oneidensis MR- 1, was engineered to serve as a bionanoreactor to enhance the interaction between electrons and protons, catalyzed by hydrogen...
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作者：Choi, Dongsung; Yue, Changming; Azoury, Doron; Porter, Zachary; Chen, Jiyu; Petocchi, Francesco; Baldini, Edoardo; Lv, Baiqing; Mogi, Masataka; Su, Yifan; Wilson, Stephen D.; Eckstein, Martin; Werner, Philipp; Gedik, Nuh
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of Fribourg; Southern University of Science & Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Stanford University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; University of Tokyo; University of Erlangen Nuremberg; University of Hamburg
摘要：Sr2IrO4 2 IrO 4 has attracted considerable attention due to its structural and electronic similarities to La2CuO4, 2 CuO 4 , the parent compound of high-- T c superconducting cuprates. It was proposed as a strong spin-orbit-- coupled J e ff = 1/2 Mott insulator, but the Mott nature of its insulating ground state has not been conclusively established. Here, we use ultrafast laser pulses to realize an insulator-metal transition in Sr2IrO4 2 IrO 4 and probe the resulting dynamics using time-- and...
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作者：Dokshin, Fedor A.; Gherghina, Mircea
作者单位：University of Toronto
摘要：The perceived risk of climate change and the sense of urgency for an energy transition are both politically polarized, especially in the United States. Yet, we know relatively little about how political polarization affects consumer energy preferences and behav- iors. Here, we use the case of residential solar photovoltaics (PV) in New York State to 1) measure the partisan gap in solar adoption rates and 2) test whether more favorable economics of solar PV mute the effect of political identity...
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作者：Fu, Ziao; MacKinnon, Roderick
作者单位：Rockefeller University; Rockefeller University; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
摘要：In this study, we used cryoelectron microscopy to determine the structures of the Flotillin protein complex, part of the Stomatin, Prohibitin, Flotillin, and HflK/C (SPFH) super- family, from cell-- derived vesicles without detergents. It forms a right- handed helical barrel consisting of 22 pairs of Flotillin1 and Flotillin2 subunits, with a diameter of 32 nm at its wider end and 19 nm at its narrower end. Oligomerization is stabilized by the C terminus, which forms two helical layers linked ...
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作者：Wang, Yihang; Wu, Jiangbo; Zsolnay, Vilmos; Pollard, Thomas D.; Voth, Gregory A.
作者单位：University of Chicago; University of Chicago; Yale University; Yale University; Yale University
摘要：After ATP- actin monomers assemble filaments, the ATP's y- phosphate is hydrolyzedwithin seconds and dissociates over minutes. We used all- atom molecular dynamics simulations to sample the release of phosphate from filaments and study residues that gate release. Dissociation of phosphate from Mg2+is 2+ is rate limiting and associated with an energy barrier of 20 kcal/mol, consistent with experimental rates of phosphate release. Phosphate then diffuses within an internal cavity toward a gate f...
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作者：Aquino-Perez, Cecilia; Safaralizade, Mahira; Podhajecky, Roman; Wang, Hong; Lansky, Zdenek; Grosse, Robert; Macurek, Libor
作者单位：Czech Academy of Sciences; Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences; University of Freiburg; Czech Academy of Sciences; Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences; University of Freiburg
摘要：Precise segregation of chromosomes during mitosis requires assembly of a bipolar mitotic spindle followed by correct attachment of microtubules to the kinetochores. This highly spatiotemporally organized process is controlled by various mitotic kinases and molecular motors. We have recently shown that Casein Kinase 1 (CK1) promotes timely progression through mitosis by phosphorylating FAM110A leading to its enrichment at spindle poles. However, the mechanism by which FAM110A exerts its functio...
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作者：Nova, Ian C.; Craig, Jonathan M.; Mazumder, Abhishek; Laszlo, Andrew H.; Derrington, Ian M.; Noakes, Matthew T.; Brinkerhoff, Henry; Yang, Shuya; Vahedian-Movahed, Hanif; Li, Lingting; Zhang, Yu; Bowman, Jasmine L.; Huang, Jesse R.; Mount, Jonathan W.; Ebright, Richard H.; Gundlach, Jens H.
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, CAS
摘要：RNA polymerases (RNAPs) carry out the first step in the central dogma of molecular biology by transcribing DNA into RNA. Despite their importance, much about how RNAPs work remains unclear, in part because the small (3.4 Angstrom) and fast (similar to 40 ms/nt) steps during transcription were difficult to resolve. Here, we used high- resolution nanopore tweezers to observe the motion of single Escherichia coli RNAP molecules as it transcribes DNA similar to 1,000 times improved temporal resolu...
