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• The making of an AI news anchor-and its implications AI翻译
  作者：Bohacek, Matyas; Farid, Hany
  作者单位：Stanford University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
• Fibroblast growth factor 8b (FGF-8b) enhances myogenesis and inhibits adipogenesis in rotator cuff muscle cell populations in vitro AI翻译
  作者：Otsuka, Takayoshi; Kan, Ho-Man; Mengsteab, Paulos Y.; Tyson, Breajah; Laurencin, Cato T.
  作者单位：University of Connecticut; University of Connecticut; University of Connecticut; University of Connecticut; University of Connecticut; University of Connecticut
  摘要：Fatty expansion is one of the features of muscle degeneration due to muscle injuries, and its presence interferes with muscle regeneration. Specifically, poor clinical outcomes have been linked to fatty expansion in rotator cuff tears and repairs. Our group recently found that fibroblast growth factor 8b (FGF-8b) inhibits adipogenic differentiation and promotes myofiber formation of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. This led us to hypoth-esize that FGF-8b could similarly control the fate of mus...
• Observed humidity trends in dry regions contradict climate models AI翻译
  作者：Simpson, Isla R.; McKinnon, Karen A.; Kennedy, Daniel; Lawrence, David M.; Lehner, Flavio; Seager, Richard
  作者单位：National Center Atmospheric Research (NCAR) - USA; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Cornell University; Columbia University
  摘要：Arid and semi-arid regions of the world are particularly vulnerable to greenhouse gas- driven hydroclimate change. Climate models are our primary tool for projecting the future hydroclimate that society in these regions must adapt to, but here, we present a concerning discrepancy between observed and model-based historical hydroclimate trends. Over the arid/semi-arid regions of the world, the predominant signal in all model simulations is an increase in atmospheric water vapor, on average, ove...
• Social anxiety disorder- associated gut microbiota increases social fear AI翻译
  作者：Ritz, Nathaniel L.; Brocka, Marta; Butler, Mary I.; Cowan, Caitlin S. M.; Barrera-Bugueno, Camila; Turkington, Christopher J. R.; Draper, Lorraine A.; Bastiaanssen, Thomaz F. S.; Turpin, Valentine; Morales, Lorena; Campos, David; Gheorghe, Cassandra E.; Ratsika, Anna; Sharma, Virat; Golubeva, Anna, V; Aburto, Maria R.; Shkoporov, Andrey N.; Moloney, Gerard M.; Hill, Colin; Clarke, Gerard; Slattery, David A.; Dinan, Timothy G.; Cryan, John F.
  作者单位：University of New South Wales Sydney; University College Cork; University College Cork; University College Cork; University College Cork; Goethe University Frankfurt; Goethe University Frankfurt Hospital
  摘要：Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a crippling psychiatric disorder characterized by intense fear or anxiety in social situations and their avoidance. However, the underlying biology of SAD is unclear and better treatments are needed. Recently, the gut microbiota has emerged as a key regulator of both brain and behaviour, especially those related to social function. Moreover, increasing data supports a role for immune function and oxytocin signalling in social responses. To investigate whether t...
• Protective human antibodies against a conserved epitope in pre- and postfusion influenza hemagglutinin AI翻译
  作者：Finney, Joel; Moseman, Annie Park; Kong, Susan; Watanabe, Akiko; Song, Shengli; Walsh Jr, Richard M.; Kuraoka, Masayuki; Kotaki, Ryutaro; Moseman, E. Ashley; Mccarthy, Kevin R.; Liao, Dongmei; Liang, Xiaoe; Nie, Xiaoyan; Lavidor, Olivia; Abbott, Richard; Harrison, Stephen C.; Kelsoe, Garnett
  作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Boston Children's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Duke University; Duke University; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Duke University
  摘要：Phylogenetically and antigenically distinct influenza A and B viruses (IAV and IBV) circulate in human populations, causing widespread morbidity. Antibodies (Abs) that bind epitopes conserved in both IAV and IBV hemagglutinins (HAs) could protect against disease by diverse virus subtypes. Only one reported HA Ab, isolated from a combinatorial display library, protects against both IAV and IBV. Thus, there has been so far no information on the likelihood of finding naturally occurring human Abs...
• Primate social organization evolved from a flexible pair- living ancestor AI翻译
  作者：Olivier, Charlotte-Anais; Martin, Jordan S.; Pilisi, Camille; Agnani, Paul; Kauffmann, Cecile; Hayes, Loren; Jaeggi, Adrian V.; Schradin, C.
  作者单位：Universites de Strasbourg Etablissements Associes; Universite de Strasbourg; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); University of Witwatersrand; University of Zurich; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee at Chattanooga
  摘要：Explaining the evolution of primate social organization has been fundamental to under-stand human sociality and social evolution more broadly. It has often been suggested that the ancestor of all primates was solitary and that other forms of social organization evolved later, with transitions being driven by various life history traits and ecologi-cal factors. However, recent research showed that many understudied primate species previously assumed to be solitary actually live in pairs, and in...
• Disconnection flow-mediated grain rotation AI翻译
  作者：Qiu, Caihao; Salvalaglio, Marco; Srolovitz, David J.; Han, Jian
  作者单位：City University of Hong Kong; Technische Universitat Dresden; Technische Universitat Dresden; University of Hong Kong
  摘要：Grain rotation is commonly observed during the evolution of microstructures in polycrystalline materials of different kinds, including metals, ceramics, and colloidal crystals. It is widely accepted that interface migration in these systems is mediated by the motion of line defects with step and dislocation character, i.e., disconnections. We propose a crystallography-respecting continuum model for arbitrarily curved grain boundaries or heterophase interfaces, accounting for the disconnections...
• Expert elicitation of the timing and uncertainty to establish a geologic sequestration well for CO2 in the United States AI翻译
  作者：Moore, Emily J.; Karplus, Valerie J.; Morgan, M. Granger
  作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University
  摘要：Many studies anticipate that carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) will be essential to decarbonizing the U.S. economy. However, prior work has not estimated the time required to develop, approve, and implement a geologic sequestration site in the United States. We generate such an estimate by identifying six clearance points that must be passed before a sequestration site can become operational. For each clearance point (CP), we elicit expert judgments of the time required in the form of pro...
• Higher- order transient membrane protein structures AI翻译
  作者：Zhang, Yuxi; Mazal, Hisham; Mandala, Venkata Shiva; Perez-Mitta, Gonzalo; Sondoghdar, Vahid; Haselwandter, Christoph A.; Mackinnon, Roderick
  作者单位：Rockefeller University; Rockefeller University; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Max Planck Society; University of Erlangen Nuremberg; University of Southern California; University of Southern California
  摘要：This study shows that five membrane proteins-three GPCRs, an ion channel, and an enzyme-form self- clusters under natural expression levels in a cardiac- derived cell line. The cluster size distributions imply that these proteins self- oligomerize reversibly through weak interactions. When the concentration of the proteins is increased through heterologous expression, the cluster size distributions approach a critical distribution at which point a phase transition occurs, yielding larger bulk ...
• Rubidium isotopic compositions of angrites controlled by extensive evaporation and partial recondensation AI翻译
  作者：Wang, Baoliang; Moynier, Frederic; Hu, Yan
  作者单位：Universite Paris Cite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
  摘要：The planetesimals in the solar system exhibit varying degrees of moderately volatile elements (MVEs) depletion compared to the protosolar composition. Revealing the relevant mechanisms is crucial for exploring early solar system evolution. Most volatile- depleted materials in the solar system exhibit enrichments in the heavier isotopes of MVEs, which have traditionally been attributed to the loss of volatiles through partial evaporation. Angrites are so far an exception as they are enriched in...