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作者：Coelho, Camila Galheigo; Garcia-Nisa, Ivan; Ottoni, Eduardo B.; Kendal, Rachel L.
作者单位：Durham University; Universidade de Sao Paulo
摘要：The last two decades have seen great advances in the study of social learning (learning from others), in part due to efforts to identify it in the wild as the basis of behavioral traditions. Theoretical frameworks suggest that both the dynamics of social tolerance and transmission biases (or social learning strategies) influence the pathways of information diffusion in social groups. Bearded capuchins ( Sapajus libidinosus) inhabiting the semiarid seasonal caatinga biome of the Serra da Capiva...
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作者：Brezovec, Bella E.; Berger, Andrew B.; Hao, Yukun A.; Lin, Albert; Ahmed, Osama M.; Pacheco, Diego A.; Thiberge, Stephan Y.; Murthy, Mala; Clandinin, Thomas R.
作者单位：Stanford University; Princeton University; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Stanford University; Princeton University; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School
摘要：Imaging methods that span both functional measures in living tissue and anatomical measures in fixed tissue have played critical roles in advancing our understanding of the brain. However, making direct comparisons between different imaging modalities, particularly spanning living and fixed tissue, has remained challenging. For example, comparing brain-wide neural dynamics across experiments and aligning such data to anatomical resources, such as gene expression patterns or connectomes, requir...
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作者：Legan, Andrew W.; Allan, Carson W.; Jensen, Zoe N.; Degain, Benjamin A.; Yang, Fei; Kerns, David L.; Benowitz, Kyle M.; Fabrick, Jeffrey A.; Li, Xianchun; Carriere, Yves; Matzkin, Luciano M.; Tabashnik, Bruce E.
作者单位：University of Arizona; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Arizona State University; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); USDA Agricultural Research Service
摘要：Transgenic crops producing crystalline (Cry) proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been used extensively to control some major crop pests. However, many populations of the noctuid moth Helicoverpa zea, one of the most important crop pests in the United States, have evolved practical resistance to several Cry proteins including Cry1Ac. Although mutations in single genes that confer resistance to Cry proteins have been identified in lab- selected and gene- edited strains o...
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作者：Eltanahy, Ahmed M.; Aupetit, Alex; Buhr, Ethan D.; Van Gelder, Russell N.; Gonzales, Albert L.
作者单位：Nevada System of Higher Education (NSHE); University of Nevada Reno; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
摘要：The choroid is the thin, vasculature-filled layer of the eye situated between the sclera and the retina, where it serves the metabolic needs of the light- sensing photoreceptors in the retina. Illumination of the interior surface of the back of the eye (fundus) is a critical regulator of subretinal fluid homeostasis, which determines the overall shape of the eye, but it is also important for choroidal perfusion. Noted for having some of the highest blood flow rates in the body, the choroidal v...
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作者：Guo, Shuqing; Hu, Xiangang; Wang, Zixuan; Yu, Fubo; Hou, Xuan; Xing, Baoshan
作者单位：Nankai University; University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst
摘要：To address rising global food demand, the development of sustainable technologies to increase productivity is urgently needed. This study revealed that foliar application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs; 30 to 80 nm, 0.67 mg/d per plant, 6 d) to rice leaves under heatwave (HW) stress increased the grain yield and nutritional quality. Compared with the HW control, the HWs+ZnO group presented increases in the grain yield, grain protein content, and amino acid content of 22.1%, 11.8%, and 77...
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作者：Kobayashi, T.; Yoshinuma, M.; Hu, W.; Ida, K.
作者单位：National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS) - Japan; National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS) - Japan; Graduate University for Advanced Studies - Japan; Kyushu University
摘要：A key ingredient for realizing a magnetically confined tritium-deuterium plasma fusion reactor is plasma heating by fusion-born high-energy helium ions, as a chained cycle of nuclear burning. Efficient collisionless plasma heating by high-energy particles is anticipated when their energy is directly transferred to the plasma through waves. Those processes often involve nonlinear structure formations in phase-space, spanned by real-space and velocity-space coordinates, that significantly influe...
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作者：Papale, Paolo; Zuiderbaan, Wietske; Teeuwen, Rob R. M.; Gilhuis, Amparo; Self, Matthew W.; Roelfsema, Pieter R.; Dumoulin, Serge O.
作者单位：Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts & Sciences; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN-KNAW); Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts & Sciences; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN-KNAW); Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts & Sciences; Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging (KNAW); Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; University of Amsterdam; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam; Sorbonne Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Utrecht University
摘要：The visual system needs to identify perceptually relevant borders to segment complex natural scenes. The primary visual cortex (V1) is thought to extract local borders, and higher visual areas are thought to identify the perceptually relevant borders between objects and the background. To test this conjecture, we used natural images that had been annotated by human observers who marked the perceptually relevant borders. We assessed the effect of perceptual relevance on V1 responses using human...
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作者：Stahl, Aimee E.; Feigenson, Lisa
作者单位：College of New Jersey; Johns Hopkins University
摘要：From infancy, children show heightened interest in events that are impossible or improbable, relative to likely events. Do young children represent impossible and improbable events as points on a continuum of possibility, or do they instead treat them as categorically distinct? Here, we compared 2- and 3- y- old children's learning (N = 335) following nearly identical events that were equi- probable, improbable, or impossible. We found that children learned significantly better following impos...
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作者：Kim, Jaewon; Altman, Ehud; Chatterjee, Shubhayu
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Carnegie Mellon University
摘要：Several strongly correlated metals display B-linear magnetoresistance (LMR) with a universal slope, in sharp contrast to the B 2 scaling predicted by Fermi liquid theory. We provide a unifying explanation of the origin of LMR by focusing on a common feature in their phase diagrams-proximity to symmetry-breaking orders. Specifically, we demonstrate via two microscopic models that LMR with a universal slope arises ubiquitously near ordered phases, provided the order parameter either i) has a fin...
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作者：Fedosova, Ksenia; Klinger-Logan, Kim; Radchenko, Danylo
作者单位：University of Munster; Kansas State University; Universite de Lille
摘要：We consider certain convolution sums that are the subject of a conjecture by Chester, Green, Pufu, Wang, and Wen in string theory. We prove a generalized form of their conjecture, explicitly evaluating absolutely convergent sums X n1 is an element of ZN{0,n} cP ( n 1 , n - n 1 ) 6 2 m 1 ( n 1 ) 6 2 m 2 ( n - n 1 ), where tp ( n 1 , n 2 ) is a Laurent polynomial with logarithms. Contrary to original expectations, such convolution sums, suitably extended to n 1 is an element of { 0 , n }, do not...
