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作者：Chen, Zhaoyang; Tian, Li; Ge, Jin; Wang, Shiyu; Chen, Ting; Duan, Yuange; Song, Fan; Cai, Wanzhi; Wang, Zhengwei; Li, Hu
作者单位：China Agricultural University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Nanjing Institute of Geology & Paleontology, CAS; Institute of Zoology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, CAS
摘要：Tool use is widely reported across a broad range of the animal kingdom, yet comprehensive empirical tests of its function and evolutionary drivers remain scarce, predominantly focused on a few relatively intelligent vertebrate lineages. In this study, we provide a comprehensive examination of tool use behavior in the assassin bug Pahabengkakia piliceps, a specialist predator of stingless bees that exploits resin droplet from bee nest entrance to facilitate hunting. Field behavioral experiments...
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作者：Gupta, Shruti; Arnab, Sreejita; Nguyen, Kayla L.; Reed, Marisa; Fathi, Payam; Tammen, Kelly; Turner, Emma; Jones, Erin; Fischer, Roman; Mendelowitz, David; Bethea, John R.
作者单位：George Washington University; University of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Medicine; University of Stuttgart; George Washington University
摘要：Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) activation is a promising-therapeutic strategy for autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and chronic neuropathic pain (CNP). This study aimed to identify mechanisms governing the sex-specific efficacy of TNFR2 activation on abrogating pain and motor disease severity in mice experiencing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a rodent model of MS. We find that the XX sex-chromosome complement is indispensable for TNFR2-mediated a...
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作者：McArthur, Hannah C. W.; Bajur, Anna T.; Iliopoulou, Maro; Spillane, Katelyn M.
作者单位：University of London; King's College London; University of London; King's College London; Imperial College London
摘要：B cells discriminate antigens in immune synapses by capturing them from antigen-presenting cells (APCs). This discrimination relies on the application of mechanical force to B cell receptor (BCR)-antigen bonds, allowing B cells to selectively disrupt low-affinity interactions while internalizing high-affinity antigens. Using DNA-based tension sensors combined with high-resolution imaging, we demonstrate that the magnitude, location, and timing of forces within the immune synapse are influenced...
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作者：Higgs, Paul G.; Blackmond, Donna G.
作者单位：McMaster University; Scripps Research Institute
摘要：A kinetic model coupling prebiotically plausible synthesis of enantioenriched proteinogenic amino acids with catalytic peptide ligation leads to an autocatalytic network that may exhibit symmetry breaking and chiral amplification, providing a feasible route to the emergence of biological homochirality. We show that symmetry breaking leading to chiral amplification can occur in two ways: a constructive mechanism in which dimers catalyze the synthesis of monomers of the same enantiomer, and a de...
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作者：Williams, Melissa J.; Esianor, Brandon; Hendrick, Sara; Farlow, Janice L.; Farrell, Annie; Kupfer, Robbi A.; Meyer, Tanya K.; Vinson, Kimberly N.; Wandell, Grace M.; Chen, Amy Y.
作者单位：Emory University; Medical University of South Carolina; University of Northern Colorado; Indiana University System; Indiana University Indianapolis; Emory University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Vanderbilt University; Swedish Health Services
摘要：While most people believe that women (vs. men) experience more discriminatory treatment at work, especially in male-dominated professions, relatively few women report experiencing such treatment themselves. These low levels of reporting may arise either because discriminatory treatment has declined, even while laypeople's assumptions of widespread discrimination persist, or because it is difficult for individuals to know when they are experiencing discriminatory treatment, leading to underrepo...
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作者：Gippert, Magdalena; Shih, Pei-Cheng; Heed, Tobias; Howard, Ian S.; Idaji, Mina Jamshidi; Villringer, Arno; Sehm, Bernhard; Nikulin, Vadim V.
作者单位：Max Planck Society; Salzburg University; Salzburg University; University of Plymouth; Technical University of Berlin; Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg
摘要：Motor imagery is frequently utilized to improve the performance of specific target movements in sports and rehabilitation. In this study, we show that motor imagery can facilitate learning of not only the imagined target movements but also sequentially linked overt movements. Hybrid sequences comprising imagined and physically executed segments allowed participants to learn specific movement characteristics of the executed segments when they were consistently associated with specific imagined ...
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作者：Pelentritou, Andria; Pfeiffer, Christian; Iten, Manuela; Haenggi, Matthias; Zubler, Frederic; Schwartz, Sophie; De Lucia, Marzia
作者单位：University of Lausanne; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV); University of Bern; University Hospital of Bern; University of Zurich; University Zurich Hospital; University of Bern; University of Geneva; University of Geneva
摘要：In healthy awake individuals, the neural processing of bodily signals is not only essential for survival but can also influence perception and compete with external stimulus processing. Yet, the mechanism underlying this bidirectional processing of bodily and external stimuli, as well as its persistence or modulation in unconscious states, remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of cardiac activity on auditory regularity processing in coma. We recorded continuous electroencepha...
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作者：Santamaria, Carolina; Biegas, Kyle J.; Lim, Pamelia N.; Cabral, Jessica; Kim, Christi Y.; Lee, James R.; Gaidhane, Ishani, V; Papson, Casey; Gomard- Henshaw, Kyla; Rothchild, Alissa C.; Swarts, Benjamin M.; Siegrist, M. Sloan
作者单位：University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst; University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Central Michigan University; Central Michigan University; University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst
摘要：Mycobacterial cell envelopes are rich in unusual lipids and glycans that play key roles during infection and vaccination. The most abundant envelope glycolipid is trehalose dimycolate (TDM). TDM compromises the host response to mycobacterial species via multiple mechanisms, including inhibition of phagosome maturation. The molecular mechanism by which TDM inhibits phagosome maturation has been elusive. We find that a clickable, photoaffinity TDM probe recapitulates key phenotypes of native TDM...
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作者：Rambert, Camille; Nield, Joanna M.; Narteau, Clement; Delorme, Pauline; Wiggs, Giles F. S.; Baddock, Matthew C.; Best, Jim; Christensen, Kenneth T.; Claudin, Philippe
作者单位：Sorbonne Universite; Universite Paris Cite; Universite PSL; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); University of Southampton; Universite Paris Cite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite PSL; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS); University of Oxford; Loughborough University; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Colorado System; Children's Hospital Colorado; University of Colorado Anschutz; University of Colorado Denver
摘要：Desert surfaces are typically nonuniform, with individual sand dunes generally surrounded by gravel or nonerodible beds. Similarly, beaches vary in composition and moisture that enhances cohesion between the grains. These bed heterogeneities affect the aeolian transport properties greatly and can then influence the emergence and dynamics of bedforms. Here, we propose a model that describes how, due to transport capacity being greater on consolidated than erodible beds, patches of sand can grow...
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作者：Biswas, Rupam; Lopez-Serrano, Ana Laura; Purohit, Apoorva; Ramirez-Navarro, Angelina; Huang, Hsiang-Ling; Grandinetti, Giovanna; Cheng, Xiaolin; Heissler, Sarah M.; Deschenes, Isabelle; Chinthalapudi, Krishna
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
摘要：Voltage- gated Nav1.5 channels are central to the generation and propagation of cardiac action potentials. Aberrations in their function are associated with a wide spectrum of cardiac diseases including arrhythmias and heart failure. Despite decades of progress in Nav1.5 biology, the lack of structural insights into intracellular regions has hampered our understanding of its gating mechanisms. Here, we present two cryo- EM structures of human Nav1.5 in open states, revealing sequential conform...
