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作者：Brookes, Samuel G. H.; Kapil, Venkat; Michaelides, Angelos; Schran, Christoph
作者单位：University of Cambridge; University of Cambridge; University of Cambridge; University of London; University College London; University of London; University College London
摘要：An understanding of the CO2 + H2O hydration reaction is crucial for modeling the effects of ocean acidification, for enabling novel carbon storage solutions, and as a model process in the geosciences. While the mechanism of this reaction has been investigated extensively in the condensed phase, its mechanism at the air-water interface remains elusive, leaving uncertain the contribution that surface-adsorbed CO2 makes to the overall acidification reaction. In this study, we employ machine-learn...
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作者：Inbar, Maya; Grossman, Eitan; Landau, Ayelet N.
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; University of London; University College London
摘要：Intonation units (IUs) are a hypothesized universal building block of human speech [W. Chafe, Discourse, Consciousness and Time: The Flow and Displacement of Conscious Experience in Speaking and Writing (1994); N. P. Himmelmann et al., Phonology 35, 207-245 (2018)). Linguistic research suggests they are found across languages and that they fulfill important communicative functions such as the pacing of ideas in discourse and swift turn-taking. We study the rate of IUs in 48 languages from ever...
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作者：Radhakrishnan, Adityanarayanan; Jain, Yajit; Uhler, Caroline; Lander, Eric S.
作者单位：Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Harvard University; Harvard Medical School
摘要：Fish population biomass fluctuates through time in ways that may be either gradual or abrupt. While abrupt shifts in fish population productivity have been shown to be common, they are rarely integrated into stock assessment or fishery management, in part because of the difficulty of predicting when abrupt shifts may occur and which stocks are prone to such shifts. In this study, we address the latter challenge by designing a mechanism-agnostic context-specific approach that is based on exploi...
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作者：Wittkuhn, Lennart; Krippner, Lena M.; Koch, Christoph; Schuck, Nicolas W.
作者单位：University of Hamburg; Max Planck Society; University of Potsdam
摘要：Humans can implicitly learn about multistep sequential relationships between events in the environment from their statistical co-occurrence. Theoretical work has suggested that neural replay is a candidate mechanism that aids such learning. Here, we used functional MRI (fMRI) to test whether replay is related to implicit learning of higher-order sequential relationships. Human participants viewed sequences of images that followed probabilistic transitions determined by ring-like graph structur...
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作者：Ji, Yang; Parashar, Shubham; Miyamoto, Yukiko; Srivastava, Saurabh; Lewis, Amanda L.; Varki, Nissi; Varki, Ajit; Eckmann, Lars
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Southern University of Science & Technology
摘要：Sialic acids (Sias) are a diverse family of nine-carbon backbone monosaccharides occupying terminal positions on cell surface and secreted glycans and are abundant at mucosal surfaces. Sias can be modified with O-acetyl esters on the side chain (C7 to C9) hydroxyls. Structural analysis and functional studies of these modifications are challenging due to chemical lability and variable resistance to sialidases. For in-depth analysis of the expression and functions of O-acetyl Sia modifications, ...
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作者：Schuler, Thomas Vikhamar; Benestad, Rasmus Emil; Isaksen, Ketil; Kierulf, Halfdan Pascal; Kohler, Jack; Moholdt, Geir; Schmidt, Louise Steffensen
作者单位：University of Oslo; Norwegian Meteorological Institute; Norwegian Polar Institute
摘要：A record-breaking melt season affected the Arctic glaciers of Svalbard in summer 2024 by a substantial margin. Across the entire archipelago, glacier melting corresponded to an anomaly of up to four SD and exceeded any previous observation. The pan-Svalbard mass loss in summer 2024 amounts to similar to 61.7 +/- 11.1 Gt and corresponds to 1% of the total ice volume on Svalbard and is comparable to that of the Greenland ice sheet (55 +/- 35 Gt), which occupies an area about 50 times larger. Alt...
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作者：Tian, Mengjun; Sun, Yaru; Zhang, Guodong; Xu, Yufei; Zhu, Jiang; Huang, Wenwen; Wang, Yizhan; Zhang, Bingcui; Li, Zhiyuan; Lin, Shaoyan; Zhang, Fang; Ma, Zhenchuan; Gan, Xiangchao; Tan, Junjie; Chen, Yu; Li, Suhua; Gai, Junyi; Xing, Guangnan; Wang, Ming; Wang, Yuanchao
作者单位：Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Agricultural University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Agricultural University; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Agriculture Genomes Institute at Shenzhen, CAAS
摘要：Phytophthora sojae- induced root rot poses a major threat to soybean production. While the molecular mechanisms underlying soybean-P. sojae interactions have been extensively studied, their biochemical basis remains largely unexplored. Previous research has identified key metabolic modules involved in pathogen defense, but structural diversity has largely been constrained by studies on single soybean accessions. Here, we broadened the chemical search space to a diverse soybean germplasm collec...
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作者：Waisertreiger, Irina; Ayele, Kalkidan; Elshaikh, Mehad Hilal; Barlow, Jacqueline H.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：DNA secondary G-quadruplex (G4) structures can impair and even obstruct DNA replication. Defects in processing G4 structures are associated with replication stress, a common property of both B cell cancers and hyperproliferative premalignant cells. Genome instability arising from replication stress is a hallmark of cancer and strongly contributes to the chromosome rearrangements in B cell cancers. Here, we define the impact of G4-stabilizing ligands on generating genome instability in primary ...
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作者：Sayas, Francesc Borras; Iacovino, Ottavia; Uriarte, Maria; Zimmerman, Jess K.; Nytch, Christopher J.; Dunshea, Glenn; Muscarella, Robert
作者单位：Uppsala University; Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU); Columbia University
摘要：Environmental DNA (eDNA) is increasingly used for biodiversity monitoring, but validation of the spatial scale(s) at which eDNA reflects extant communities is scarce, particularly in tropical forests: the terrestrial biome with the most concentrated diversity on earth. We leveraged spatially explicit tree inventory data from the 16-ha Luquillo Forest Dynamics Plot (LFDP) in Puerto Rico to validate soil eDNA as a spatially explicit indicator of tree diversity/composition. Using a comprehensive ...
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作者：Yao, McKenna Loop; Zill, Nicholas A.; Barber, Colin Charles; Du, Yongle; Lin, Peijun; Zhai, Rui; Yoon, Eunice; Al Marzooqi, Dunya; Zhang, Wenjun
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Despite extensive efforts, our understanding of the virulence factors contributing to oral biofilm formation-a hallmark of dental caries-remains incomplete. We present evidence that the specialized metabolism of the oral microbiome is a critical yet under-explored factor in oral biofilm formation. Through microbiome analysis, we identified a hybrid nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and polyketide synthase (PKS) encoding biosynthetic gene cluster that correlates with dental caries and is w...
