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作者：Li, Yang; Cai, Wen-Qi; Ren, Ji-Gang; Wang, Chao-Ze; Yang, Meng; Zhang, Liang; Wu, Hui-Ying; Chang, Liang; Wu, Jin-Cai; Jin, Biao; Xue, Hua-Jian; Li, Xue-Jiao; Liu, Hui; Yu, Guang-Wen; Tao, Xue-Ying; Chen, Ting; Liu, Chong-Fei; Luo, Wen-Bin; Zhou, Jie; Yong, Hai-Lin; Li, Yu-Huai; Li, Feng-Zhi; Jiang, Cong; Chen, Hao-Ze; Wu, Chao; Tong, Xin-Hai; Xie, Si-Jiang; Zhou, Fei; Liu, Wei-Yue; Ismail, Yaseera; Petruccione, Francesco; Liu, Nai-Le; Li, Li; Xu, Feihu; Cao, Yuan; Yin, Juan; Shu, Rong; Wang, Xiang-Bin; Zhang, Qiang; Wang, Jian-Yu; Liao, Sheng-Kai; Peng, Cheng-Zhi; Pan, Jian-Wei
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; Hefei National Laboratory; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Innovation Academy for Microsatellites, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing Electronic Science & Technology Institute; Stellenbosch University; Stellenbosch University; Stellenbosch University
摘要：A quantum network1, 2-3 provides an infrastructure that connects quantum devices with revolutionary computing, sensing and communication capabilities. A quantum satellite constellation offers a solution to facilitate the quantum network on a global scale4,5. The Micius satellite has verified the feasibility of satellite quantum communications6, 7, 8-9; however, scaling up quantum satellite constellations is challenging, requiring small lightweight satellites, portable ground stations and real-...
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作者：de la Torre, Ignacio; Doyon, Luc; Benito-Calvo, Alfonso; Mora, Rafael; Mwakyoma, Ipyana; Njau, Jackson K.; Peters, Renata F.; Theodoropoulou, Angeliki; d'Errico, Francesco
作者单位：Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Instituto de Historia (IH); Universite de Bordeaux; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute of Ecology & Environment (INEE); Centro Nacional de Investigacion de La Evolucion Humana (CENIEH); Autonomous University of Barcelona; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; University of London; University College London; University of Bergen
摘要：Recent evidence indicates that the emergence of stone tool technology occurred before the appearance of the genus Homo1 and may potentially be traced back deep into the primate evolutionary line2. Conversely, osseous technologies are apparently exclusive of later hominins from approximately 2 million years ago (Ma)3,4, whereas the earliest systematic production of bone tools is currently restricted to European Acheulean sites 400-250 thousand years ago5,6. Here we document an assemblage of bon...
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作者：Zhu, Jingyi; Liang, Mingfu; Sun, Ke; Wei, Yu; Guo, Ruiying; Zhang, Lijing; Shi, Junhui; Ma, Dan; Hu, Qi; Huang, Gaoxingyu; Lu, Peilong
作者单位：Zhejiang University; Westlake Laboratory; Westlake University; Westlake University
摘要：The recognition of ligands by transmembrane proteins is essential for the exchange of materials, energy and information across biological membranes. Progress has been made in the de novo design of transmembrane proteins1, 2, 3, 4, 5-6, as well as in designing water-soluble proteins to bind small molecules7, 8, 9, 10, 11-12, but de novo design of transmembrane proteins that tightly and specifically bind to small molecules remains an outstanding challenge13. Here we present the accurate design o...
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作者：Gaynor, Liam; Singh, Harshabad; Tie, Guodong; Badarinath, Krithika; Madha, Shariq; Mancini, Andrew; Bhattacharya, Swarnabh; Hoshino, Mikio; de Sauvage, Frederic J.; Murata, Kazutaka; Jadhav, Unmesh; Shivdasani, Ramesh A.
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Roche Holding; Genentech; Roche Holding USA; National Center for Neurology & Psychiatry - Japan; Harvard University
摘要：Oncogenic mutations that drive colorectal cancer can be present in healthy intestines for long periods without overt consequence1,2. Mutation of Apc, the most common initiating event in conventional adenomas3, activates Wnt signalling, thus conferring fitness on mutant intestinal stem cells (ISCs)4,5. Apc mutations may occur in ISCs that arise by routine self-renewal or by dedifferentiation of their progeny. Although ISCs of these different origins are fundamentally similar6,7, it is unclear w...
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作者：Joppa, Lucas; Willmott, Elizabeth
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作者：Lian, Yaxiao; Wang, Yaxin; Yuan, Yucai; Ren, Zhixiang; Tang, Weidong; Liu, Zhe; Xing, Shiyu; Ji, Kangyu; Yuan, Bo; Yang, Yichen; Gao, Yuxiang; Zhang, Shiang; Zhou, Ke; Zhang, Gan; Stranks, Samuel D.; Zhao, Baodan; Di, Dawei
作者单位：Zhejiang University; University of Cambridge; University of Cambridge
摘要：Many technological breakthroughs in electronics and photonics were made possible by downscaling-the process of making elementary devices smaller in size1, 2, 3, 4-5. The downsizing of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on III-V semiconductors led to micro-LEDs5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11-12, an 'ultimate technology' for displays. However, micro-LEDs are costly to produce and they exhibit severe efficiency losses when the pixel sizes are reduced to about 10 mu m or less, hindering their potential in c...
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作者：Eichel, Kelsie; Uenaka, Takeshi; Belapurkar, Vivek; Lu, Rui; Cheng, Shouqiang; Pak, Joseph S.; Taylor, Caitlin A.; Suedhof, Thomas C.; Malenka, Robert; Wernig, Marius; Oezkan, Engin; Perrais, David; Shen, Kang
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作者：Stacey, James C. V.; Hrebik, Dominik; Nand, Elizabeth; Shetty, Snehith Dyavari; Qu, Kun; Boicu, Marius; Anders-oesswein, Maria; Uchil, Pradeep D.; Dick, Robert A.; Mothes, Walther; Kraeusslich, Hans-Georg; Mueller, Barbara; Briggs, John A. G.
作者单位：Max Planck Society; MRC Laboratory Molecular Biology; Yale University; Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg; National University of Singapore; Cornell University; German Center for Infection Research; Emory University
摘要：The virus particles of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are released in an immature, non-infectious form. Proteolytic cleavage of the main structural polyprotein Gag into functional domains induces rearrangement into mature, infectious virions. In immature virus particles, the Gag membrane-binding domain, MA, forms a hexameric protein lattice that undergoes structural transition, following cleavage, into a distinct, mature MA lattice1. The mechanism of MA lattice maturation is unkno...
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作者：[Anonymous]
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作者：Boukare, Charles-edouard; Badro, James; Samuel, Henri
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Paris Cite; York University - Canada
摘要：One of the main interpretations of deep-rooted geophysical structures in the mantle1 is that they stem from the top-down solidification of the primitive basal magma ocean of Earth above the core2, 3, 4, 5-6. However, it remains debated whether solids first formed at the bottom of the mantle, solidifying upward, or above the melts, solidifying downward. Here we show that gravitational segregation of dense, iron-rich melts from lighter, iron-poor solids drives mantle evolution, regardless of whe...
