-
作者：VISWESVARAN, C; SCHMIDT, FL
作者单位：University of Iowa
摘要：Meta-analysis was used to cumulate the results from 633 studies of smoking cessation, involving 71,806 subjects, that reported the proportion of successful quits. Self-care methods do not appear to be as effective as formal intervention methods. Instructional programs involving physicians were not more effective than other instructional programs. Conditioning-based techniques such as aversive methods had success rates similar to those of instructional methods, and among the instructional metho...
-
作者：MOTOWIDLO, SJ; CARTER, GW; DUNNETTE, MD; TIPPINS, N; WERNER, S; BURNETT, JR; VAUGHAN, MJ
摘要：Recruiters from 8 telecommunications companies interviewed applicants or incumbents in four studies of the psychometric properties of structured behavioral interviews for management and marketing positions. Results yielded an interrater reliability estimate of .64 (n = 37), a mean criterion-related validity estimate of.22 (n approximately 500), evidence of convergent and discriminant validity, and small race and sex differences. In a fifth study, 3 doctoral students rated audiotapes and writte...
-
作者：SIMONSON, I; STAW, BM
摘要：Previous research suggests that decision makers have a tendency to become locked into courses of action-to throw good money after bad in dealing with losing projects. The present study directly compared the effectiveness of several deescalation strategies designed to make decision makers more responsive to the available evidence. Three deescalation procedures were found to be most effective: (a) making negative outcomes less threatening; (b) setting minimum target levels that, if not achieved,...
-
作者：SHORE, TH; SHORE, LM; THORNTON, GC
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia State University; University System of Georgia; Georgia State University
摘要：The construct validity of final self- and peer evaluations in an assessment center was examined within a nomological network of conceptually related and unrelated variables. Data included self-, peer, and assessor evaluations, cognitive ability and personality measures, and job advancement. The evidence for construct validity was stronger for peer than for self-evaluations, and for more easily observable dimensions than for dimensions requiring greater inferential judgement. Self-and peer eval...
-
作者：BURKE, MJ; BORUCKI, CC; HURLEY, AE
作者单位：Tulane University; New York University
摘要：Confirmatory factor analyses of a priori models of psychological climate were conducted with data collected from 18,457 sales personnel in 567 stores in five regions of a national retail organization. The results provide good support for viewing employee work-climate perceptions as composed of two higher order factors-concern for employees and concern for customers. These higher order factors are posited to reflect employees' cognitive appraisals of the behavior of agents toward (a) employees'...
-
作者：HOM, PW; CARANIKASWALKER, F; PRUSSIA, GE; GRIFFETH, RW
作者单位：George Mason University
摘要：The present study combined meta-analysis with structural equations modeling (SEM) to validate Mobley, Horner, and Hollingsworth's (1978) turnover theory as well as alternative structural networks proposed by Dalessio, Silverman, and Schuck (1986), Hom, Griffeth, and Sellaro (1984), and Bannister and Griffeth (1986). We aggregated correlations from 17 studies (N = 5,013 employees), correcting for unreliability and sampling error. Then we used SEM to assess the models, comparing their relative f...
-
作者：SAWYER, JE
作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station
摘要：Measures of 2 constructs of role ambiguity (process and goal clarity) were developed. Mental health workers (N = 402) from 2 organizations provided evidence that a confirmatory 2-factor model fit the data better than a 1-factor model. A path model including antecedents (autonomy, job feedback, agent feedback, recognition) and consequences (job satisfaction, job search behavior, turnover) of process and goal clarity was proposed based on the model of role ambiguity developed by Bedeian and Arme...
-
作者：IACONO, WG; CERRI, AM; PATRICK, CJ; FLEMING, JAE
作者单位：State University System of Florida; Florida State University; University of British Columbia
摘要：To evaluate whether antianxiety drugs enable guilty subjects to appear innocent on polygraph tests, we compared the effects of diazepam, meprobamate, and propranolol on the outcome of a guilty knowledge test (GKT). Seventy-five undergraduate students were evenly divided among one innocent and four guilty groups. Subjects in each of the guilty groups received either one of the drugs or a placebo prior to the administration of the GKT and after viewing a videotape that depicted a burglary as see...
-
作者：OSTROFF, C
摘要：Previous research has consistently shown little relationship between job satisfaction, job attitudes, and performance for individuals, but little work has investigated these relationships at the organizational level of analysis. This study investigated the relationship between employee satisfaction, other job-related attitudes (commitment, adjustment. and psychological stress), and organizational performance. Organizational performance data were collected for 298 schools: employee satisfaction...
-
作者：ANDERSON, SE; WILLIAMS, LJ
作者单位：Purdue University System; Purdue University
摘要：Recent applications of latent variable modeling (LVM) of reciprocal relationships involving employee attitudes were examined with regard to assumptions made about unmeasured variables and correlations among residuals of structural equations. Data from two published studies from the job satisfaction and organizational commitment literature were reanalyzed with LVM. The consequence of specifying residual correlations were examined for models containing nonlagged and lagged reciprocal effects. Th...
