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作者：Zhou, Fujin; Oostendorp, Remco
作者单位：Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Tinbergen Institute; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Tinbergen Institute; University of Oxford
摘要：This paper uses firm-level survey data matched with official tax records to estimate the unobserved true sales of formal firms in Mongolia. Taking into account firm-level incentives to comply with taxes and a production function technology linking unobserved true sales with observable firm-level production characteristics, we derive a multiple-indicators, multiple-causes model predicting true sales. We find that firms underreport sales to the tax office by 38.6%, but firm-level survey data als...
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作者：Jensen, Vibeke Myrup
摘要：Physician-induced demand, whereby physicians alter patient treatment for personal gain, lies at the heart of concerns about publicly provided health care. However, little is known about how payment systems affect the ultimate outcome of patient health. Exploiting a unique policy induced variation in Denmark, I investigate the impact of physician payment contracts on infant health. In a difference-in-differences framework, I find that firstborn infants exposed in the womb to the care of general...
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作者：Chandra, Ambarish; Head, Keith; Tappata, Mariano
作者单位：University of Toronto; University of British Columbia; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：We model the decision to travel across an international border as a trade-off between benefits derived from buying a range of products at lower prices and the costs of travel. We estimate the model using microdata on Canada-United States travel. Price differences motivate cross-border travel; a 10% home appreciation raises the propensity to cross by 8% to 26%. The larger elasticity arises when the home currency is strong, a result predicted by the model. Distance to the border strongly inhibit...
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作者：Madsen, Jakob B.
作者单位：Monash University
摘要：This paper examines the productivity growth effects of educational attainment and its interaction with the distance to the world technology frontier, which is the percentage distance to the country with the highest total factor productivity (TIP) (the United Kingdom or United States), while allowing for the endogeneity of educational attainment in some of the estimates. For this purpose, a new annual data set for educational attainment is constructed for 21 industrialized countries over the pe...
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作者：Andrews, Donald W. K.; Guggenberger, Patrik
作者单位：Yale University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：This paper introduces a new confidence interval (CI) for the autoregressive parameter (AR) in an AR(1) model that allows for conditional heteroskedasticity of a general form and AR parameters that are less than or equal to unity. The CI is a modification of Mikusheva's (2007a) modification of Stock's (1991) CI that employs the least squares estimator and a heteroskedasticity-robust variance estimator. The CI is shown to have correct asymptotic size and to be asymptotically similar (in a unifor...
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作者：Gelber, Alexander M.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：I examine the response of husbands' and wives' earnings to a tax reform in which husbands' and wives' tax rates changed independently, allowing me to examine the effect of both spouses' incentives on each spouse's behavior. I analyze the large Swedish tax reform of 1990-1991 and find that in response to a compensated fall in one spouse's tax rate, each spouse's earnings rise. I compare these results to those of simplified econometric models used in the typical setting in which independent vari...
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作者：Dai, Mian; Liu, Qihong; Serfes, Konstantinos
作者单位：Drexel University; University of Oklahoma System; University of Oklahoma - Norman
摘要：We investigate the effect of competition on price dispersion in the airline industry. Using panel data from 1993 to 2008, we find a nonmonotonic effect of competition on price dispersion. An increase in competition is associated with greater price dispersion in concentrated markets but with less price dispersion in competitive markets-an inverse-U relationship. Our empirical findings are consistent with an oligopolistic second-degree price discrimination model and encompass contradictory findi...
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作者：Crossley, Thomas F.; Low, Hamish W.
作者单位：Koc University; University of Essex; University of Cambridge
摘要：We use direct evidence on credit constraints to study their importance for household consumption growth and for welfare. We distentangle the direct effect on consumption growth of a currently binding credit constraint from the indirect effect of a potentially binding credit constraint that generates consumption risk. Our data are focused on job losers. We find that less than 5% of job losers experience a binding credit constraint, but those who do experience significant welfare losses, and con...
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作者：Murata, Yasusada; Nakajima, Ryo; Okamoto, Ryosuke; Tamura, Ryuichi
作者单位：Nihon University; Keio University; Hitotsubashi University
摘要：We develop a new distance-based test of localized knowledge spillovers that embeds the concept of control patents. Using microgeographic data, we identify localization distance for each technology class while allowing for spillovers across geographic units. We revisit the debate between Thompson and Fox-Kean (2005a, 2005b) and Henderson, Jaffe, and Trajtenberg (2005) on the existence of localized knowledge spillovers and find solid evidence supporting localization even when using finely graine...
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作者：Black, Sandra E.; Devereux, Paul J.; Loken, Katrine V.; Salvanes, Kjell G.
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; National Bureau of Economic Research; University College Dublin; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Bergen; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)
摘要：Given the wide use of child care subsidies across countries, it is surprising how little we know about the effect of these subsidies on children's longer-run outcomes. Using a sharp discontinuity in the price of child care in Norway, we are able to isolate the effects of child care subsidies on both parental and student outcomes. We find very small and statistically insignificant effects of child care subsidies on child care utilization and parental labor force participation. Despite this, we ...
