-
作者：Freund, Caroline; Pierola, Martha Denisse
作者单位：Peterson Institute for International Economics; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); The World Bank
摘要：We show that very large firms shape country export patterns. Among 32 countries, the top firm on average accounts for 14% of a country's total (nonoil) exports, and the top five firms make up 30%. These export superstars are also important in the sectoral distribution of exports. Variation in exports from the top firm in a country explains about one-third of the variation in sectoral exports relative to income across countries, and variation in exports from the top five firms explains nearly h...
-
作者：Bernard, Andrew B.; Grazzi, Marco; Tomasi, Chiara
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Bologna; University of Trento
摘要：This paper examines the factors that give rise to intermediaries in exporting and explores the implications for trade volumes. Export intermediaries such as wholesalers serve different markets and export different products than manufacturing exporters do. Wholesalers are more prevalent in markets with higher destination-specific fixed costs and focus on products that are less differentiated, have lower contract intensity, and have large sunk entry costs. Aggregate exports to destinations with ...
-
作者：Ericson, Keith M. Marzilli; Starc, Amanda
作者单位：Boston University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：We analyze insurance-pricing regulation under imperfect competition on the Massachusetts health insurance exchange. Differential markups lead to price variation apart from cost variation. Coarse insurer pricing strategies identify consumer demand. Younger consumers are twice as price sensitive as older consumers. Older consumers thus face higher markups over costs. Modified community rating links prices for consumers differing in both costs and preferences, and changes the marginal consumer fi...
-
作者：Avery, Robert B.; Brevoort, Kenneth P.
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA
摘要：Some have suggested that housing policy, embodied by the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) and affordable housing goals of the government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs), caused the subprime crisis. We examine if these programs led to worse mortgage outcomes using two approaches. The first examines whether more activity by CRA-covered lenders, or more loan sales to the GSEs, was associated with worse outcomes. The second uses regression discontinuity to determine if outcomes were worse at the geog...
-
作者：Hornok, Cecilia; Koren, Miklos
作者单位：HUN-REN; HUN-REN Centre for Economic & Regional Studies; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Central European University; HUN-REN; HUN-REN Centre for Economic & Regional Studies; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Using detailed U.S. and Spanish export data, we document that trade costs of a per-shipment nature are associated with less frequent and larger shipments (i.e., more lumpiness) in international trade. This finding is pervasive across broad product categories, but most apparent for industrial supplies, parts and accessories, and food products.
-
作者：Aron-Dine, Aviva; Einav, Liran; Finkelstein, Amy; Cullen, Mark
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Using data from employer-provided health insurance and Medicare Part D, we investigate whether health care utilization responds to the dynamic incentives created by the nonlinear nature of health insurance contracts. We exploit the fact that because annual coverage usually resets every January, individuals who join a plan later in the year face the same initial (spot) price of health care but a higher expected end-of-year (future) price. We find a statistically significant response of initial ...
-
作者：Caliendo, Marco; Cobb-Clark, Deborah A.; Uhlendorff, Arne
作者单位：University of Potsdam; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; DIW Berlin - Deutsches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung; University of Melbourne; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Mannheim
摘要：Standard job search theory assumes that unemployed individuals have perfect information about the effect of their search effort on the job offer arrival rate. We present an alternative model that assumes that each individual has a subjective belief about the impact of her search effort on the job arrival. These beliefs depend in part on an individual's locus of control. We estimate the impact of locus of control on job search behavior using a data set of newly unemployed individuals in Germany...
-
作者：Alderighi, Marco; Nicolini, Marcella; Piga, Claudio A.
作者单位：Universita Della Valle D'aosta; Bocconi University; University of Pavia; Fondazione Mattei; Keele University
摘要：Based on two strands of theoretical research, this paper provides new evidence on how fares are jointly affected by in-flight seat availability and purchasing date. As capacity-based theories predict, it emerges that fares monotonically and substantially increase with flight occupancy. After controlling for capacity utilization, our analysis also supports time-based theories, indicating a U-shaped temporal profile over a two-month booking period, as well as a sharp increase in fares in the two...
-
作者：Scholz, John Karl; Sicinski, Kamil
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：We use unique longitudinal data to document an economically and statistically significant positive correlation between the facial attractiveness of male high school graduates and their subsequent labor market earnings. There are only weak links between facial attractiveness and direct measures of cognitive skills and no link between facial attractiveness and mortality. Even after including a lengthy set of characteristics, including IQ, high school activities, proxy measures for confidence and...
-
作者：Skinner, Jonathan; Staiger, Douglas
作者单位：Dartmouth College; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We draw on macroeconomic models of diffusion and productivity to explain empirical patterns of survival gains in heart attacks. Using Medicare data for 2.8 million patients from 1986 to 2004, we find that hospitals rapidly adopting cost-effective innovations such as beta blockers, aspirin, and reperfusion had substantially better outcomes for their patients. Holding technology adoption constant, the marginal returns to spending were relatively modest. Hospitals increasing the pace of technolog...
