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作者：Cette, Gilbert; Dromel, Nicolas; Lecat, Remy; Paret, Anne-Charlotte
作者单位：European Central Bank; Bank of France; Aix-Marseille Universite; Aix-Marseille Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Paris School of Economics
摘要：Short-term increasing returns to production factors are usually found in empirical studies. We argue they can be due to omitted variables, particularly the intensity of factor utilization. Thanks to original French firm-level data (1992-2008), we show how increasing returns to scale disappear when working time, capacity utilization rate, and, particularly, capital operating time are introduced in the production function.
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作者：Behaghel, Luc; Crepon, Bruno; Gurgand, Marc; Le Barbanchon, Thomas
作者单位：INRAE; Paris School of Economics; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris; Paris School of Economics; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Bocconi University; Bocconi University
摘要：We propose a novel selectivity correction procedure to deal with survey attrition in treatment effect models, at the crossroads of the Heckit model and the bounding approach of Lee (2009). As a substitute for the instrument needed in sample selectivity correction models, we use information on the number of prior calls made to each individual before obtaining a response to the survey. We obtain sharp bounds to the average treatment effect on the common support of responding individuals. Because...
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作者：Cook, C. Justin
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Merced
摘要：This paper empirically tests the association between genetically determined resistance to infectious disease and cross-country health differences. A country-level measure of genetic diversity for the system of genes associated with the recognition and disposal of foreign pathogens is constructed. Genetic diversity within this system has been shown to reduce the virulence and prevalence of infectious diseases and is hypothesized to have been naturally selected from historical exposure to infect...
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作者：Carlsson, Magnus; Dahl, Gordon B.; Oeckert, Bjoern; Rooth, Dan-Olof
作者单位：Linnaeus University; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Uppsala University
摘要：To identify the causal effect of schooling on cognitive skills, we exploit conditionally random variation in the date Swedish males take a battery of cognitive tests in preparation for military service. We find an extra ten days of school instruction raises scores on crystallized intelligence tests (synonyms and technical comprehension tests) by approximately 1% of a standard deviation, whereas extra nonschool days have almost no effect. In contrast, test scores on fluid intelligence tests (sp...
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作者：Sun, Yixiao; Kim, Min Seong
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; Toronto Metropolitan University
摘要：The paper develops an asymptotically valid F-test that is robust to spatial autocorrelation in a GMM framework. The validity of the F-test is established under mild conditions that can accommodate a wide range of spatial processes. The proposed F-test is very easy to implement, as critical values are from a standard F-distribution. The F-test achieves triple robustness: it is asymptotically valid regardless of the spatial autocorrelation, the sampling region, and the limiting behavior of the s...
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作者：Figlio, David N.; Schapiro, Morton O.; Soter, Kevin B.
作者单位：Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This study makes use of detailed student-level data from eight cohorts of first-year students at Northwestern University to investigate the relative effects of tenure track/tenured versus contingent faculty on student learning. We focus on classes taken during a student's first term at Northwestern and employ an identification strategy in which we control for both student-level fixed effects and next-class-taken fixed effects to measure the degree to which contingent faculty contribute more or...
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作者：Ambrose, Brent W.; Coulson, N. Edward; Yoshida, Jiro
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Nevada System of Higher Education (NSHE); University of Nevada Las Vegas
摘要：We employ a weighted repeat rent estimator to construct quarterly indexes that expand the profession's ability to make cross-sectional comparisons of housing markets. Our analysis shows that there is considerable heterogeneity in the behavior of rents across cities over the 2000-2010 decade, but the number of cities and years for which nominal rents fell is substantial; rents fell in many cities following the onset of the housing crisis in 2007; and the repeat rent and Bureau of Labor Statisti...
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作者：Holland, Stephen P.; Hughes, Jonathan E.; Knittel, Christopher R.; Parker, Nathan C.
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Greensboro; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：Climate policy has favored costly measures that implicitly or explicitly subsidize lowcarbon fuels.We simulate four transportation sector policies: cap and trade (CAT), ethanol subsidies, a renewable fuel standard (RFS), and a lowcarbon fuel standard. Our simulations confirm that alternatives to CAT are 2.5 to 4 times more costly but are amenable to adoption due to right-skewed distributions of gains. We analyze voting on the Waxman-Markey (WM) CAT bill. Conditional on a district's CAT gains, ...
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作者：Cai, Hongbin; Chen, Yuyu; Fang, Hanming; Zhou, Li-An
作者单位：Peking University; University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We report results from a large, randomized field to study how access to formal microinsurance affects production and economic development. We induce exogenous variation in insurance coverage at the village level by randomly assigning performance incentives to the village animal husbandry worker who is responsible for signing farmers up for the insurance. We find that promoting greater adoption of insurance significantly increases farmers' sow production, and this effect seems to persist in the...
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作者：Powdthavee, Nattavudh; Riyanto, Yohanes E.
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Melbourne; Nanyang Technological University
摘要：Standard economic models assume that the demand for expert predictions arises only under the conditions in which individuals are uncertain about the underlying process generating the data and there is a strong belief that past performances predict future performances. We set up the strongest possible test of these assumptions. In contrast to the theoretical suggestions made in the literature, people are willing to pay for predictions of truly random outcomes after witnessing only a short strea...
