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作者：Bontemps, Christian
作者单位：Universite Federale Toulouse Midi-Pyrenees (ComUE); Universite de Toulouse; Ecole Nationale de l'Aviation Civile (ENAC); Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics
摘要：This paper considers moment-based tests applied to estimated quantities. We propose a general class of transforms of moments to handle the parameter uncertainty problem. The construction requires only a linear correction that can be implemented in sample and remains valid for some extended families of nonsmooth moments. We reemphasize the attractiveness of working with robust moments, which lead to testing procedures that do not depend on the estimator. Furthermore, no correction is needed whe...
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作者：Aizer, Anna; Currie, Janet
作者单位：Brown University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Princeton University
摘要：Using a unique data set linking preschool blood lead levels, birth, school, and detention records for 125,000 children born between 1990 and 2004 in Rhode Island, we estimate the impact of lead on school suspension and juvenile detention. Sibling fixed-effect models suggest that omitted variables related to family disadvantage do not bias OLS estimates. However, measurement error does. We use IV methods that exploit local (within-neighborhood), variation in lead exposure deriving from road pro...
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作者：Bratsberg, Bernt; Hernaes, Oystein; Markussen, Simen; Raaum, Oddbjorn; Roed, Knut
摘要：We evaluate the impact on youth crime of a welfare reform that tightened activation requirements for social assistance clients. The evaluation strategy exploits administrative individual data in combination with geographically differentiated implementation of the reform. We find that the reform reduced crime among teenage boys from economically disadvantaged families. Stronger reform effects on weekday versus weekend crime, reduced school dropout, and favorable long-run outcomes in terms of cr...
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作者：Jaworski, Taylor; Kitchens, Carl T.
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; State University System of Florida; Florida State University
摘要：How effective are policies aimed at integrating isolated regions? We answer this question in the context of a highway system in one of the poorest regions in the United States. With construction starting in 1965, the Appalachian Development Highway System (ADHS) ultimately consisted of over 2,500 high-grade road miles. We use a simple model of interregional trade to motivate our empirical analysis, which quantifies the relationship between market access and income. We then calibrate the model ...
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作者：Tur-Prats, Ana
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Merced
摘要：This paper examines the long-term determinants of intimate partner violence (IPV) by analyzing its relationship with traditional family structures: stem families in which one child stays in the parental household and nuclear families in which all children leave the household upon marriage. My hypothesis is that coresidence with a mother-in-law increases a wife's contribution to nondomestic work, which may decrease the level of violence. I find that areas where stem families were socially predo...
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作者：Antman, Francisca; Duncan, Brian
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Denver
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作者：Brown, Caitlin; Ravallion, Martin; van de Walle, Dominique
作者单位：Central European University; Georgetown University; The World Bank
摘要：Policymakers often assume that targeting observably poor households suffices in reaching nutritionally deprived individuals. We question that assumption. Our comprehensive assessment for sub-Saharan Africa reveals that undernourished women and children are spread widely across the household wealth and consumption distributions. Roughly three-quarters of underweight women and undernourished children are not found in the poorest 20% of households, and around half are not found in the poorest 40%...
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作者：Konig, Michael D.; Liu, Xiaodong; Zenou, Yves
作者单位：Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Monash University
摘要：We analyze a model of R&D alliance networks where firms are engaged in R&D collaborations that lower their production costs while competing on the product market. We provide a complete characterization of the Nash equilibrium and determine the optimal R&D subsidy program that maximizes total welfare. We then structurally estimate this model using a unique panel of R&D collaborations and annual company reports. We use our estimates to study the impact of targeted versus nondiscriminatory R&D su...
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作者：Palermo, Vincenzo; Higgins, Matthew J.; Ceccagnoli, Marco
作者单位：Accenture; University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Research has focused on why and when firms access external technology markets. Less is known about the reliability of patents attached to licensed technologies during litigation. Unreliable patents expose a firm to loss of downstream revenues. We address this by constructing a data set of patent litigation in the pharmaceutical industry and exploit a change in patent law that exogenously increased the probability of litigation. We find that licensed patents are more likely to fall during litig...
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作者：Brooks, Leah; Lutz, Byron
作者单位：George Washington University; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors
摘要：We document intracity spatial persistence and its causes. Streetcars dominated urban transit in Los Angeles County from the 1890s to the early 1910s, and were off the road entirely by 1963. However, we find that streetcars' influence remains readily visible in the current pattern of urban density and that this influence has not dissipated in the sixty years since the streetcar's removal. We examine land use regulation as both a consequence of streetcars and a mechanism for the persistent effec...
