-
作者：Bell, Brian; Bindler, Anna; Machin, Stephen
作者单位：University of London; King's College London; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Gothenburg
摘要：Recessions lead to short-term job loss, lower happiness, and decreasing income levels. There is growing evidence that workers who first join the labor market during economic downturns suffer from poor job matches that can have sustained detrimental effects on wages and career progressions. This paper uses U.S. and U.K. data to document a more disturbing long-run effect of recessions: young people who leave school during recessions are significantly more likely to lead a life of crime than thos...
-
作者：Black, Sandra E.; Gronqvist, Erik; Ockert, Bjorn
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We study the effect of birth order on personality using Swedish population data. Earlier-born men are more emotionally stable, persistent, socially outgoing, willing to assume responsibility, and able to take initiative than later borns. Firstborn children aremore likely to bemanagers and to be in occupations requiring leadership ability, social ability, and Big Five personality traits.We find a significant role for the sex composition within the family. When investigating possible mechanisms,...
-
作者：Dettling, Lisa J.; Goodman, Sarena; Smith, Jonathan
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors; University System of Georgia; Georgia State University
摘要：This paper examines whether high-speed Internet affects students' college applications. Our analysis links the diffusion of residential broadband to the testing and application outcomes of millions of PSAT and SAT takers and reveals that students with broadband in their postal code perform better on the SAT and apply to a higher number and more expansive set of colleges. While the availability of broadband generally improved applications to college, the effects appear to be concentrated among ...
-
作者：Ludema, Rodney D.; Mayda, Anna Maria; Mishra, Prachi
作者单位：Georgetown University; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Reserve Bank of India; International Monetary Fund
摘要：This paper studies the political influence of individual firms on congressional decisions to suspend tariffs on U.S. imports of intermediate goods. We develop a legislative bargaining model in which firms influence legislators by transmitting information about the value of protection, using verbal messages and lobbying expenditures. Model estimation using firmlevel data on tariff suspension bills and lobbying expenditures reveals that the probability a suspension is granted decreases with each...
-
作者：Harari, Mariaflavia; La Ferrara, Eliana
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Bocconi University; Bocconi University
摘要：We conduct a disaggregated empirical analysis of civil conflict at the subnational level in Africa over 1997 to 2011 using a new gridded data set. We construct an original measure of agriculture-relevant weather shocks exploiting within-year variation in weather and in crop growing season and spatial variation in crop cover. Temporal and spatial spillovers in conflict are addressed through spatial econometric techniques. Negative shocks occurring during the growing season of local crops affect...
-
作者：Albouy, David; Ehrlich, Gabriel; Shin, Minchul
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：We estimate the first cross-sectional index of transaction-based land values for every U.S. metropolitan area. The index accounts for geographic selection and incorporates novel shrinkage methods using a prior belief based on urban economic theory. Land values at the city center increase with city size, as do land-value gradients; both are highly variable across cities. Urban land values are estimated at more than two times GDP in 2006. These estimates are higher and less volatile than estimat...
-
作者：Manski, Charles F.; Pepper, John V.
作者单位：Northwestern University; University of Virginia
摘要：Despite dozens of studies, research on crime has struggled to reach consensus about the impact of right-to-carry (RTC) gun laws. With this in mind, we formalize and apply a class of bounded-variation assumptions that flexibly restrict the degree to which outcomes may vary across time and space. Using these assumptions, we present empirical analysis of the effect of RTC laws on violent and property crimes in Virginia, Maryland, and Illinois. Imposing specific assumptions that we believe worthy ...
-
作者：Gibson, Matthew; Shrader, Jeffrey
作者单位：Columbia University; New York University; Williams College
摘要：We investigate how the largest use of timesleepaffects productivity. Time use data from the United States allow us to test a model in which sleep improves productivity. Consistent with theory, we find sleep is more complementary to home production than to leisure for nonemployed individuals. We then show that later sunset time reduces worker sleep and earnings. After ruling out alternative hypotheses, we implement an instrumental variables specification that provides causal estimates of the im...
-
作者：Bernard, Andrew B.; Moxnes, Andreas; Ulltveit-Moe, Karen Helene
作者单位：Dartmouth College; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Oslo
摘要：This paper develops a multicountry model of international trade that provides a simple microfoundation for buyer-seller relationships in trade. We explore a rich data set that identifies buyers and sellers in trade and establish a set of basic facts that guide the development of the theoretical model. We use predictions of the model to examine the role of buyer heterogeneity in a market for firm-level adjustments to trade shocks, as well as to quantitatively evaluate how firms' marginal costs ...
-
作者：Barnichon, Regis; Mesters, Geert
作者单位：Pompeu Fabra University; Centre de Recerca en Economia Internacional (CREI); Barcelona School of Economics; Pompeu Fabra University
摘要：The unemployment rate is one of the most important business cycle indicators, but its interpretation can be difficult because slow changes in the demographic composition of the labor force affect the level of unemployment and make comparisons across business cycles difficult. To purge the unemployment rate from demographic factors, labor force shares are routinely used to control for compositional changes. This paper shows that this approach is ill defined, because the labor force share of a d...
