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作者：Sadoff, Sally; Samek, Anya
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of Southern California
摘要：A large literature examines the use of recipient contribution requirements in social programs to target people who most need and value aid. Yet little is known about public support for such requirements. In a field experiment with a nationally representative sample, we examine the effect of recipient contributions on charitable donations to a food aid program. The response to recipient monetary contributions is non-monotonic: donations increase when recipients make small monetary contributions...
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作者：Alexander, Diane; Currie, Janet; Schnell, Molly
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago; Princeton University; Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Given concern about inefficient use of the emergency room (ER) increasing health care costs, we use all ER visits in New Jersey from 2006 to 2014 to examine the impacts of retail clinics on ER use in a difference-in-difference framework. We find that among people residing close to an open retail clinic, the rate of ER use falls by 3.3-13.4% for preventable conditions and 5.7-12.0% for minor acute conditions, while a range of placebo conditions are not affected. Our estimates suggest annual cos...
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作者：Hernandez-Murillo, Ruben
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Cleveland
摘要：In this paper, we study the welfare consequences of imposing alternative regimes of competition between two local governments that compete for mobile firms which have private information on their degree of mobility. Competition among jurisdictions raises the firms' rents to higher levels than if jurisdictions were to cooperate. Therefore, from the perspective of a utilitarian federation, constitutional constraints on the competition process may be desirable. We find that imposing a system of c...
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作者：Hines, James R., Jr.; Park, Jongsang
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research; Sookmyung Women's University
摘要：This paper examines the investment effects of tax subsidies for which some assets and not others are eligible. Distortionary tax subsidies concentrate investments in tax-favored assets, thereby reducing the expected pre-tax profitability of investment and reducing payoffs to bondholders in the event of default. Anticipation of asset substitution encourages lenders to require covenants in debt contracts, which only imperfectly address asset substitution and distort investment. The result is tha...
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作者：Le Barbanchon, Thomas; Rathelot, Roland; Roulet, Alexandra
作者单位：Bocconi University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Warwick; Harvard University; INSEAD Business School
摘要：Although the reservation wage plays a central role in job search models, empirical evidence on the determinants of reservation wages, including key policy variables such as unemployment insurance (UI), is scarce. In France, unemployed people must declare their reservation wage to the Public Employment Service when they register to claim UI benefits. We take advantage of these rich French administrative data and of a reform of UI rules to estimate the effect of the Potential Benefit Duration (P...
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作者：Rabate, Simon
摘要：Retirement is commonly described as a pure labor-supply decision, despite the potential importance of the demand side. This partly reflects that the two dimensions are often difficult to disentangle. I here manage to overcome this difficulty by using a unique natural experiment, the progressive ban on mandatory retirement in France in the 2000s. Drawing on an extensive administrative dataset, I use reform-induced inter-industry variations in mandatory retirement legislation, thereby separating...
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作者：Herrera, Helios; Llorente-Saguer, Aniol; McMurray, Joseph C.
作者单位：University of Warwick; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of London; Queen Mary University London; Brigham Young University
摘要：This paper documents a laboratory experiment that analyzes voter participation in common interest proportional representation (PR) elections, comparing this with majority rule. Consistent with theoretical predictions, poorly informed voters in either system abstain from voting, thereby shifting weight to those who are better informed. A dilution problem makes mistakes especially costly under PR, so abstention is higher in PR in contrast with private interest environments, and welfare is lower....
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作者：Koethenbuerger, Marko; Mardan, Mohammed; Stimmelmayr, Michael
作者单位：Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)
摘要：Recent empirical research documents a tendency of multinational enterprise affiliates to bunch around zero reported profit. We set up a theoretical model of multinational firm behavior in which we allow for corner solutions in the choice of the optimal transfer price due to insufficient profits or losses of affiliates. Such constraints in the choice of the transfer price induce bunching and generate investment effects in the low-tax as well as the high-tax country. In equilibrium, affiliates m...
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作者：Sansone, Dario
作者单位：University of Exeter; Vanderbilt University
摘要：This paper analyzes how the legalization of same-sex marriage in the U.S. affected same-sex couples in the labor market by using data from the American Community Survey. Access to marriage led to amendments in tax, health insurance, and adoption laws that could have encouraged some same-sex partners to specialize in household production and decrease their labor supply. Nevertheless, estimates from a difference-in-difference model show that the individual and joint probabilities of being employ...
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作者：Ravallion, Martin; Chen, Shaohua
作者单位：Georgetown University; The World Bank
摘要：It is becoming well-recognized that relative measures are required for a complete picture of the extent of global poverty and its evolution. The standard assumption is that the national mean or median is the relevant comparison income for setting relative poverty lines. That assumption is questionable. The paper proposes a theoretical model of relative comparisons, which can be downward or upward in the distribution of income. On calibrating the approach to a new data-set on national poverty l...
