Journal of Public Economics

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• Long-term effects of grants and loans for vocational education q AI翻译
  作者：Aguirre, Josefa
  作者单位：Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
  摘要：In this paper I study the long-term effect of giving low-income, low-performing students access to state grants and loans for vocational schools. I combine 12 years of administrative records on higher education enrollment and graduation in Chile and exploit the fact that access to state grants for 2-year vocational programs and state loans for 2-year and 4-year vocational programs are both a discontinuous function of a student's GPA. Both grants and loans increase a student's probability of ev...
• Fuel economy and the price of gasoline: Evidence from fueling-level micro data q AI翻译
  作者：Knittel, Christopher R.; Tanaka, Shinsuke
  作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; Tufts University
  摘要：The short-term elasticity of gasoline consumption is determined by both vehicle distances traveled and the efficiency with which each mile is driven. Rarely is the latter observed. We use novel micro-level data on on-road fuel consumption and fuel prices in Japan to estimate both the contemporaneous and dynamic effects of gasoline prices on on-road fuel economy. Our estimate of the contemporaneous price elasticity of on-road fuel economy is approximately 0.07, suggesting that approximately 19%...
• Optimal taxes on capital in the OLG model with uninsurable idiosyncratic income risk AI翻译
  作者：Krueger, Dirk; Ludwig, Alexander; Villalvazo, Sergio
  作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; National Bureau of Economic Research; Goethe University Frankfurt
  摘要：We characterize the optimal linear tax on capital in an Overlapping Generations model with two period lived households facing uninsurable idiosyncratic labor income risk. The Ramsey government internalizes the general equilibrium effects of private precautionary saving on factor prices and taxes capital unless the weight on future generations in the social welfare function is sufficiently high. For logarithmic utility a complete analytical solution of the Ramsey problem exhibits an optimal agg...
• Intergroup contact and nation building: Evidence from military service in Spain AI翻译
  作者：Caceres-Delpiano, Julio; De Moragas, Antoni-Italo; Facchini, Gabriel; Gonzalez, Ignacio
  作者单位：Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; CUNEF Universidad; Autonomous University of Barcelona; American University
  摘要：We study the long-term effects of intergroup contact on nation building by exploiting a national lottery that randomly allocated conscripts to different military areas across Spain. For men born in regions that feature a weak Spanish identity, we find that being assigned to military service in a different region substantially increases self-identification as Spanish, increases the likelihood of voting in national elections and reduces the probability of voting for a regionalist party. Moreover...
• A note on optimal taxation, status consumption, and unemployment AI翻译
  作者：Aronsson, Thomas; Johansson-Stenman, Olof
  作者单位：Umea University; University of Gothenburg
  摘要：Existing research on optimal taxation in economies with status-driven relative consumption (implicitly) assumes that there is no involuntary unemployment, despite ample evidence that real world labor markets are typically characterized by such unemployment. We show how the marginal tax policy ought to be modified to simultaneously account for positional consumption externalities and equilibrium unemployment, and find that interaction effects between these two market failures are crucial determ...
• First among equals: The first place effect and political promotion in multi-member plurality elections AI翻译
  作者：Dulay, Dean; Go, Laurence
  作者单位：Singapore Management University; Autonomous University of Barcelona
  摘要：We study the impact of rank-based decision-making in a multi-member plurality electoral system by examining the decisions of Philippine legislative councilors to run for and win higher office. By focusing on multi-member plurality elections, we identify the effect of rank amongst politicians that hold the same office and received a similar number of votes. To identify the causal effect of rank, we conduct a close-elections RD at the village, municipality, and province levels. Our main result i...
• Attribution bias in major decisions: Evidence from the United States Military Academy AI翻译
  作者：Haggag, Kareem; Patterson, Richard W.; Pope, Nolan G.; Feudo, Aaron
  作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; United States Department of Defense; United States Army; United States Military Academy; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; United States Military Academy; United States Department of Defense; United States Army
  摘要：Using administrative data, we study the role of attribution bias in a high-stakes, consequential decision: the choice of a college major. Specifically, we examine the influence of fatigue experienced during exposure to a general education course on whether students choose the major corresponding to that course. To do so, we exploit the conditional random assignment of student course schedules at the United States Military Academy. We find that students who are assigned to an early morning (7:3...
• Trigger-happy or precisionist? On demand for monitoring in peer-based public goods provision AI翻译
  作者：Nicklisch, Andreas; Putterman, Louis; Thoni, Christian
  作者单位：Brown University; University of Lausanne
  摘要：Recent studies question whether societies can self-govern public goods dilemmas with the help of decen-tralized punishment opportunities. One important challenge is imperfect information about individuals' contributions. In laboratory experiments, imperfect information increases misdirected punishment and thereby hampers the efficacy of the punishment mechanism. A key question is thus whether those facing such a collective action dilemma would punish despite doubt if they could observe one ano...
• The effect of course shutouts on community college students: Evidence from waitlist cutoffs AI翻译
  作者：Robles, Silvia; Gross, Max; Fairlie, Robert W.
  作者单位：Mathematica; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; National Bureau of Economic Research
  摘要：One frequently cited yet understudied channel through which funding levels impact college students is course availability-colleges are often forced to respond to budgetary pressure by reducing course offerings. We provide the first causal evidence on this mechanism at a community college, using administrative course registration data and a novel research design that exploits discontinuities in course admissions created by waitlists. Community colleges enroll about half of U.S. undergraduates a...
• The urban crime and heat gradient in high and low poverty areas AI翻译
  作者：Heilmann, Kilian; Kahn, Matthew E.; Tang, Cheng Keat
  作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; Nanyang Technological University
  摘要：Using spatially disaggregated daily crime data for the City of Los Angeles, this paper estimates the impact of ambient temperature on crime, and how this relationship varies across neighborhoods. Our estimates suggest that, relative to cooler days, overall crime rates are 1.72% and 1.90% higher when daily maximum temperature exceeds 75 and 90 degrees Fahrenheit respectively. This heat-crime relationship is much stronger in low-income neighborhoods, and is largely driven by non-pecuniary crimes...