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作者：Fisman, Raymond; Lin, Hui; Sun, Cong; Wang, Yongxiang; Zhao, Daxuan
作者单位：Boston University; Nanjing University; Shanghai University of Finance & Economics; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Renmin University of China
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作者：Bacher-Hicks, Andrew; Goodman, Joshua; Mulhern, Christine
作者单位：Boston University; RAND Corporation
摘要：We use high frequency internet search data to study in real time how US households sought out online learning resources as schools closed due to the Covid-19 pandemic. By April 2020, nationwide search intensity for both schooland parent-centered online learning resources had roughly doubled relative to pre-Covid levels. Areas of the country with higher income, better internet access and fewer rural schools saw substantially larger increases in search intensity. The pandemic will likely widen a...
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作者：Barrios, John M.; Benmelech, Efraim; Hochberg, Yael V.; Sapienza, Paola; Zingales, Luigi
作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Rice University; University of Chicago
摘要：Using mobile phone and survey data, we show that during the early phases of COVID-19, voluntary social distancing was greater in areas with higher civic capital and amongst individuals exhibiting a higher sense of civic duty. This effect is robust to including controls for political ideology, income, age, education, and other local-level characteristics. This result is present for U.S. individuals and U.S. counties as well as European regions. Moreover, we show that after U.S. states began re-...
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作者：Halliday, Timothy; Mazumder, Bhashkar; Wong, Ashley
作者单位：University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago; University of Bergen; Northwestern University
摘要：We present estimates of intergenerational mobility in self-reported health status (SRHS) in the US using data from the PSID. We estimate that the rank-rank slope in SRHS is 0.26. We show that including both parent health and income in models of intergenerational mobility increases the explanatory power of child outcomes. We construct a monetary metric for health and then use this to combine income and health into a measure of welfare and estimate the rank-rank slope to be about 0.4 for this ne...
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作者：de Meza, David; Reito, Francesco; Reyniers, Diane
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Catania
摘要：Adverse selection famously leads to the crowding out of socially beneficial trades. We show that even more trades may be simultaneously crowded in. The reason is that, in the absence of complete unravelling, lemons fetch more under adverse selection. It is demonstrated how these bad trades occur in insurance, credit and used-car markets, and some policy implications are discussed. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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作者：Houstecka, Anna; Koh, Dongya; Santaeulalia-Llopis, Raul
作者单位：University of Arkansas System; University of Arkansas Fayetteville; Autonomous University of Barcelona; Barcelona School of Economics
摘要：Using nationally representative micro panel data on flu incidence from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey in the United States, we show that employed individuals are on average 35.3% more likely to be infected with the flu virus. Our results are robust to individual characteristics including vaccinations, health insurance and individual fixed effects. Within the employed, we find significant differences in flu incidence by occupation (e.g., sales occupations show 40.5% higher probability of ...
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作者：Ambec, Stefan; Coria, Jessica
作者单位：Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics; INRAE; University of Gothenburg
摘要：We propose informational spillovers as a new rationale for the use of multiple policy instruments to mitigate a single externality. We investigate the design of a pollution standard when the firms' abatement costs are unknown and emissions are taxed. A firm might abate pollution beyond what is required by the standard by equalizing its marginal abatement costs to the tax rate, thereby revealing information about its abatement cost. We analyze how a regulator can take advantage of this informat...
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作者：Cui, Xiaoyong; Gong, Liutang; Li, Wenjian
作者单位：Peking University; Peking University; Beijing Technology & Business University; Zhongnan University of Economics & Law
摘要：In a model with a continuum of imperfectly substitutable laborers and endogenous skill premiums, this paper derives optimal tax formulas as functions of social welfare weights and a small set of estimable statistics. It first demonstrates that differential capital tax, based on capital's effect on skill premiums, is desirable even in the steady state, while nonlinear capital tax is not desirable under an additively separable utility function. It then explores both uniform and sector-specific c...
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作者：Bishnu, Monisankar; Garg, Shresth; Garg, Tishara; Ray, Tridip
作者单位：Indian Statistical Institute; Indian Statistical Institute Delhi; Australian National University; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：In presence of imperfections in the education loan market, the standard policy response of intervening solely on the education front, funded through taxes and transfers, necessarily hurts the initial working population. The literature suggests compensating them via Pay-As-You-Go (PAYG) pensions as a possible solution. We carry out the optimal policy exercise of a utilitarian government in a dynamically efficient economy with pension and education support obeying the Pareto criterion. We find t...
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作者：Achou, Bertrand
作者单位：Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal; Laval University; Laval University
摘要：In theory, illiquid housing may substitute for long-term care insurance (LTCI) as retirees decumulate housing wealth mainly when moving to long-term care facilities. In this paper, I build and estimate a rich life-cycle model of single retirees in order to evaluate whether the impact of housing liquidity on LTCI demand is large. Overall, I find that the prospects of increasing LTCI demand by making housing more liquid are quite limited, as even large increases in housing liquidity generate mod...
