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作者：HELSLEY, RW; STRANGE, WC
摘要：This paper develops a model of exclusion and property rights. Consumers choose between legal and illegal use. A monopoly provider chooses a price for legal use, a fine for illegal use, and a level of monitoring to detect illegal use. This model features a continuum of exclusion regimes, instead of only the poles of private and public provision, as is typical. Since the necessity of enforcing property rights creates two classes of users, the provider is forced to price discriminate. Furthermore...
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作者：CARD, D; LEVINE, PB
作者单位：Wellesley College
摘要：We combine Current Population Survey micro data for 1979-1987 with a newly assembled database of tax rates for the U.S. unemployment insurance system to measure the effects of imperfect experience-rating on the incidence of unemployment. We find a strong negative association between the degree of experience-rating and the rate of temporary layoff unemployment, with the largest effect in recessionary years and the smallest effect in expansionary years. Increases in the degree of experience-rati...
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作者：JUNG, GR; KENNY, LW; LOTT, JR
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; State University System of Florida; University of Florida
摘要：This paper explains why rational, well-informed voters elect politicians with divergent platforms. Given well-defined constituencies and the costliness of any individual politician creating transfers across all interest groups, we show that different politicians from the same district can successfully represent vastly different constituencies and still have each politician producing the support-maximizing level of transfers. Our explanation focuses on how obtaining wealth transfers reduces suc...
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作者：SLEMROD, J; YITZHAKI, S; MAYSHAR, J; LUNDHOLM, M
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：We investigate two-bracket piecewise linear income tax structures. In a two-class economy, Pareto-efficient tax schedules of this type feature at least one marginal tax rate equal to zero, and that the marginal tax rate may be increasing and declining. We then investigate the optimal structure of taxation when the social welfare function, utility function and distribution of abilities are characterized as in the standard optimal linear income tax problem. In all cases the second marginal tax r...
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作者：FULLERTON, D; KARAYANNIS, M
摘要：The efficiency cost of capital misallocations between the corporate sector and the noncorporate sector is typically measured using statutory tax differences. Corporate-source income tax compliance is high because of third party reporting, however, while noncorporate rental income tax compliance is low. Differential evasion thus exacerbates statutory differences and enlarges the efficiency cost. To measure this effect, we build a numerical general equilibrium model where households simultaneous...
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作者：AGEE, MD; CROCKER, TD
作者单位：University of Wyoming; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：We construct an endogenous risk model of the influence of more precise hazard information on the parental demand for child health. A 256-observation data set is used to estimate the marginal value to parents and to society of risk information about the future consequences of children's body lead burdens. Our results indicate that the social value of risk information greatly exceeds the cost of providing it and that parents will purchase too little of this information.
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作者：GARVIE, D; KEELER, A
作者单位：University System of Georgia; University of Georgia
摘要：This paper extends the economic literature on the incomplete enforcement of social regulation by incorporating regulatory choice in an institutional environment of limited regulatory resources and powers. We show how regulatory decisions determine the structure of incentives faced by regulated firms. Our results indicate that the expense of monitoring relative to the regulator's power to levy penalties helps to explain the differences between 'compliance' and 'deterrence' enforcement styles. W...
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作者：BENDER, B
摘要：That senators from the same state often have a large difference in their ideological voting records has proven inconvenient for a literature that has largely relied on a median voter model of elections. One exception is Palfrey (Review of Economic Studies, 1984, 51, 139-156), whose analysis implies the hypothesis that the expected difference in such voting records varies directly with the variance of that state's density function of constituent ideological preferences. This paper provides empi...
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作者：HARVEY, CM
摘要：The typical method for valuing the future goods and harms of a public policy alternative is by means of a constant annual discount rate. This paper examines the reasonableness for public policy analysis of non-constant discounting methods that, unlike constant discounting, can accord considerable importance to outcomes in the distant future. We examine temporal consistency and economic efficiency as reasons for the use of constant discounting - and we argue that these reasons do not apply for ...
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作者：FORTIN, B; LACROIX, G
作者单位：Laval University
摘要：In this paper we extend the concept of marginal cost of public funds (MCF) to incorporate tax evasion in the labour market. MCF values are also computed from various tax reforms applied to the Province of Quebec (Canada 1985). For this purpose, a utility-based labour supply model that allows for both regular and irregular work activities is used. At the benchmark situation, the MCF associated with an increase in marginal income tax rates ranges between $1.39 and $1.53 depending upon whether we...
