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作者：Peck, RM
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital
摘要：Aggregate excess burden arising when a poll tax or uniform lump sum tax is replaced by an excise tax is examined. If preferences are identical and homothetic, then the aggregate excise burden is always non-negative and independent of the distribution of income. An example with non-homothetic preferences is given, however, where the aggregate excess burden is negative. The implications for policy and positive public finance are briefly discussed. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A.
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作者：Helsley, RW; Strange, WC
作者单位：University of British Columbia
摘要：Private governments are voluntary, exclusive organizations that supplement services provided by the public sector. This paper examines resource allocation with and without a private government. We show that the existence of a private government causes the public sector to reduce provision of a collective good. We also show that the private government may be inefficiently small, The welfare effects of private government are complex. Although some agents are made worse off, aggregate nonmember w...
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作者：Mendoza, EG; MilesiFerretti, G; Asea, P
作者单位：International Monetary Fund; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：In 1964 Harberger conjectured that, although theory predicts that changes in tax rates affect investment and growth in the long-run, in practice tax policy is an ineffective instrument to influence growth. This paper provides theoretical and empirical evidence in favor of this view. The growth effects of tax policy in the class of endogenous growth models driven by human capital accumulation are examined, and numerical simulations of these models confirm the results Harberger predicted. Cross-...
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作者：Glazer, A; Niskanen, E; Scotchmer, S
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作者：Browning, EK
摘要：A neglected effect of monopoly is the distortion in the quantity of resources supplied. Monopoly not only affects the economy's output mix, it also results in factor prices that are below social marginal value products. This latter distortion is shown to be quantitatively important when other policies, such as taxes on labor earnings, also depress factor prices. Under plausible conditions, the welfare cost due to this distortion of monopoly is shown to be between five and fifteen times larger ...
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作者：Koning, RH; Ridder, G
作者单位：Tinbergen Institute
摘要：We examine the effect of a rent subsidy program, Rent Assistance, on the demand for rental housing in The Netherlands. The RA program lowers the marginal price of housing services if households consume more than a minimal amount. To estimate the effect of the program we develop a structural model of housing demand that takes account of the partial take-up of the subsidy. We estimate a reduced form that is compatible with the structural model and we test the restrictions that the structural mod...
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作者：Caselli, F
摘要：This paper studies public-debt runs under alternative assumptions on the distribution of taxes among tax bases, the distribution of debt among classes of taxpayers, and the distributive preferences of the government. Asymmetries in the distribution of taxes-arising, for example, from income-tax evasion by some categories of taxpayers-increase the likelihood of a confidence crisis on the public debt. On the other hand, perhaps surprisingly, the probability of a run followed by default is decrea...
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作者：Anderson, PM; Meyer, BD
作者单位：Dartmouth College; National Bureau of Economic Research; Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We examine the common, but unexamined, case of a tax or government mandate whose cost differs across firms within the same labor market. Our theoretical model shows that this variation can lead to employment reallocation across firms and dead-weight losses, even if there is no aggregate employment effect. Using firm level unemployment insurance tax data, we find that while the market level tax is mostly born by the worker, individual firms can only pass on a small share of the within market di...
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作者：Fernandez, R
摘要：This paper examines the comparative statics properties of multicommunity models in which perfect sorting is not obtained because the number of types of individuals is greater than the number of communities. In general, equilibrium is inefficient and policy interventions can be Pareto improving. The paper shows that the welfare effects of a given policy depend critically on whether the number of communities is odd or even. The same policy intervention that is Pareto improving for an even number...
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作者：Hoel, M
摘要：In order to reach a Pareto optimal outcome with transboundary environmental problems, there must be some kind of international environmental agreement. One possibility is to have an international environmental agreement focusing directly on emissions in each country. Given such an agreement, an important issue is whether one ought to supplement the agreement with some kind of policy coordination, or if the choice of environmental policies should be left to each country to decide on unilaterall...
