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作者：Feldstein, M; Wrobel, MV
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; ABT Associates
摘要：The evidence presented in this paper supports the basic theoretical presumption that state and local governments cannot redistribute income. Since individuals can avoid unfavorable taxes by migrating to jurisdictions that offer more favorable tax conditions, a relatively unfavorable tax will cause gross wages to adjust until the resulting net wage is equal to that available elsewhere. The current empirical findings go beyond confirming this long-run tendency and show that gross wages adjust ra...
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作者：Kaplow, L
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Measurements of the distortionary cost of labor income taxation generally assume that there are no other distortions. Browning (1994) identifies many pre-existing distortions, argues that such distortions reduce wages below the social value of labor's marginal product, and concludes that the marginal welfare cost of labor income taxation is substantially higher than suggested by previous estimates. The primary type of distortion Browning analyzes, however, has no direct effect on the marginal ...
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作者：Hilmer, MJ
作者单位：University of Louisville
摘要：This paper examines the effect that post-secondary fees have on a potential student's decision to start his or her college education at a university or a community college. A theoretical model demonstrates that the student's decision follows a natural ordering that depends on his or her probability of graduation. Based on this natural ordering, ordered probit is used to estimate the effect of interstate variation in fees on student attendance. The results indicate that the own-price effects of...
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作者：Sandmo, A
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)
摘要：Discussions of the marginal cost of public funds with distortionary taxation are often cast in the framework of a one-consumer economy, while the main justification of distortionary taxes is that they are needed for redistribution. This paper analyzes the issue in a model with heterogeneous consumers and a linear income tax, focusing on the tradeoff between labour market distortions and the redistribution from high-wage to low-wage workers. In an optimal tax system the MCF will be the same for...
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作者：Payne, AA
作者单位：University of Toronto
摘要：During the 1980s, government grants to non-profit organizations declined dramatically and the price of private donations increased. Given there are different costs associated with government grants and private donations to non-profits, it is important to study the relationship between these two sources and determine whether government grants 'crowd-out' private donations. I take a fresh look at the issue of crowd-out and improve upon the literature by exploiting a panel data set that links pri...
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作者：Naegelen, F; Mougeot, M
作者单位：Universite Marie et Louis Pasteur
摘要：Discriminating in favor of domestic suppliers in the award of government procurement contracts is a widespread practice. In this paper, we extend the previous analysis of McAfee and McMillan (1989) [Government procurement and international trade. Journal of International Economics 26, 291-308] and Branco (1994) [Favoring domestic firms in procurement contracts. Journal of International Economics 37, 65-80] by considering in the same model the bidding competition stimulation effect and the favo...
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作者：Woittiez, I; Kapteyn, A
作者单位：Leiden University - Excl LUMC; Leiden University; Tilburg University
摘要：This paper investigates the influence of habit formation and preference interdependence on labour supply behaviour of married females. A novelty of the paper is that we incorporate direct survey information on reference groups of individuals in a neoclassical labour supply model. For that purpose we first estimate a latent variables model relating the direct information to the 'true' but unobserved reference groups. One of the most interesting features of the model is that the presence of youn...
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作者：Neumark, D; Powers, E
作者单位：Michigan State University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：We attempt to draw inferences about behavioral responses to means-tested income support for the elderly by examining the effects on saving of the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program for the aged in the U.S. Part of this program provides payments to the poor elderly, operating as a means-tested public retirement program. We exploit state-level variation in SSI benefits to estimate the effects of SSI on saving, using data from the 1984 Survey of Income Program Participation. We find evide...
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作者：Arnott, R; Kraus, M
作者单位：Boston College
摘要：There are constraints on pricing congestible facilities. First, if heterogeneous users are observationally indistinguishable, then congestion charges must be anonymous. Second, the time variation of congestion charges may be constrained. Do these constraints undermine the feasibility of marginal cost pricing, and hence the applicability of the first-best theory of congestible facilities? For an important class of congestible facilities, we show that if heterogeneous users behave identically wh...
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作者：Devereux, MP; Griffith, R
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Keele University
摘要：This paper considers the factors that influence the locational decisions of multinational firms. A model in which firms produce differentiated products in imperfectly competitive markets is developed, in the spirit of Horstmann and Markusen (1992). Firms choose between a number of foreign locations; the outside options of exporting to or not serving the foreign market an explicitly modelled. Particular attention is paid to the impact of profit taxes, the separate roles of effective average and...
