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作者：Cardon, JH
作者单位：Brigham Young University
摘要：Proponents of Charter schools argue that competition will improve the educational outcomes of both Charter and public students. A model of quality choice has been used to examine this claim. With capacity constraints, there is an equilibrium in which the Charter school offers a higher quality which the public school will not match. Competition from Charter schools may therefore have only modest effects on public school quality, if any. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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作者：Park, H; Philippopoulos, A
作者单位：Athens University of Economics & Business; Kyung Hee University
摘要：This paper continues the study of optimal fiscal policy in a growing economy, by studying the case in which the government simultaneously provides three main categories of expenditures; public production services, public consumption services and state-contingent redistributive transfers. We make two contributions to the literature. Firstly, we set up a dynamic general equilibrium model of endogenous growth, in which rational voters choose the capital tax rate and the allocation of total tax re...
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作者：Auerbach, AJ; Hassett, KA
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research
摘要：Under the 'new view' of dividend taxation developed by Auerbach (Quarterly Journal of Economics 1979;93:433-446), Bradford (Journal of Public Economics 1981;15:1-22) and King (Public Policy and the Corporation, Chapman & Hall, London, 1977), the marginal source of finance for new investment projects is retained earnings. In this case, the tax advantage of retaining earnings precisely offsets the double taxation of subsequent dividends: taxes on dividends have no impact on the investment incent...
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作者：Cremer, H; Gahvari, F; Ladoux, N
作者单位：Universite de Toulouse; Universite de Toulouse; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：This paper constructs a model with four groups of households who have preferences over labor supply, consumption of polluting (energy related) and non-polluting (non-energy) goods, and emissions. It quantifies the model for the French economy and computes its optimal tax equilibria under nine second-best tax regimes. We find that the redistributive role of environmental taxes requires the polluting goods to be taxed at a rate much below their marginal social damage. These goods may even requir...
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作者：Boadway, R; Pestieau, P
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作者：Eckel, CC; Grossman, PJ
作者单位：Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University; Minnesota State Colleges & Universities; Saint Cloud State University
摘要：A rebate subsidy of rate S-r is functionally equivalent to a matching subsidy of rate s(m) = s(r)/(1 - s(r)). Other things equal, an individual should respond identically to the two subsidies. We test the effect on charitable giving of the framing of a subsidy as a rebate or as a match. Subjects make a series of 'dictator' allocation decisions, dividing an endowment between themselves and their chosen charities. Allocation decisions vary by the endowment level, the net price of giving, and the...
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作者：Brender, A
作者单位：Bank of Israel
摘要：We discuss the circumstances under which voters in local elections will reward fiscal responsibility and suggest that such circumstances evolved in Israel in the mid-1990s. We present empirical evidence that, indeed, fiscal performance of mayors substantially affected their reelection probability in the 1998 campaign but not in the 1989 and 1993 campaigns. Changes in the political environment, enforcement of audit and financial reporting requirements, tougher imposition of hard budget constrai...
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作者：Olofsgård, A
作者单位：Georgetown University
摘要：This paper presents a model on secessions and nationalism, with special emphasis on the role of imperfectly mobile ethnic minorities. Individuals trade off political benefits of homogeneity against economic costs from increasing returns to scale in production. The main findings are: (i) Mobility decreases the political motivation for independence, because increased competition for labour forces the ethnic majorities in the separating countries to accommodate their policy. (ii) The impact of mo...
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作者：Kleven, HJ; Kreiner, CT
作者单位：University of Copenhagen
摘要：This paper analyses the effects of taxation in New Keynesian economics. The results show that taxes contribute to price and wage stickiness and, moreover, that the resulting fluctuations in welfare are magnified by the presence of taxes. These results are at odds with the old Keynesian idea of automatic stabilizers. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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作者：Taylor, GA; Tsui, KKK; Zhu, LJ
作者单位：Nanyang Technological University; University of Chicago; National University of Singapore; University of Hong Kong
摘要：This paper studies the efficiencies of the two most widely used non-price allocation mechanisms: lotteries and waiting-line auctions. As our analysis suggests, in addition to the fairness of the mechanism, the use of lotteries in lieu of waiting-line auctions can be also justified from an efficiency point of view. In particular, we show that the less dispersed consumers' time valuations are, the more efficient is a lottery relative to a waiting-line auction. In addition, we identify four condi...
