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作者：Liu, WF; Turnovsky, SJ
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
摘要：We analyze the effects of consumption and production externalities on capital accumulation. We show that the importance of consumption externalities depends upon the elasticity of labor supply. If the labor supply is inelastic, consumption externalities cause no long-run distortions. Whether there are distortions along the transitional path depends upon consumer preferences. The effects of production externalities are more pervasive; they exert long-run distortionary effects irrespective of la...
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作者：Hellwig, MF
作者单位：Max Planck Society
摘要：This paper studies utilitarian welfare maximization in a large economy with an excludable public good where individual preferences are private information. If inequality aversion is large, optimal allocations involve the use of admission fees and exclusion to redistribute resources from people who benefit a lot from the public good to people who benefit little. If inequality aversion is close to zero, optimal admission fees are zero. Because of inequality aversion, information rents of people ...
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作者：Anbarci, N; Escaleras, M; Register, CA
作者单位：State University System of Florida; Florida Atlantic University; State University System of Florida; Florida International University
摘要：To say that the level of fatalities resulting from an earthquake is inversely related to a country's per capita level of income is hardly novel. What makes our approach novel is that we relate fatalities to both per capita income and the level of inequality that exists within a country through their joint impact on the likelihood of collective action being taken to mitigate the destructive potential of quakes. We first develop a theoretical model which offers an explanation as to why, in some ...
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作者：Papke, LE
作者单位：Michigan State University
摘要：This study uses data on standardized test scores from 1992 through 1998 at Michigan schools to determine the effects of spending on student performance. The years in the data set straddle 1994, when Michigan dramatically changed the way that K-12 schools are funded, and moved toward equalization of spending across schools. Focusing on pass rates for a fourth-grade math tests (the most complete and consistent data available for Michigan), I find that increases in spending have nontrivial, stati...
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作者：Baicker, K
作者单位：Dartmouth College; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper estimates the extent to which state spending is influenced by the spending of neighboring states, examining several different metrics of neighborliness in order to better identify the channels for interstate spillovers. It improves on previous studies by taking advantage of exogenous shocks to state medical spending to abstract from correlated local conditions and by allowing for spatial-autocorrelation. Focusing on mandated increases in medical spending, the analysis shows that eac...
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作者：Baland, JM; Francois, P
作者单位：University of Namur; Tilburg University; University of British Columbia; University of Bristol
摘要：It is shown here that, despite the efficiency gains from privatization, when markets are incomplete, all individuals may be made worse off by privatization, even when the resource is equitably privatized. Such market incompleteness is common in the developing world and can explain the often encountered resistance to efficiency enhancing privatizing reforms, especially in the case of village level landholdings and forests. The advantage of common held property arises because of its superior ins...
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作者：Bucovetsky, S
作者单位：York University - Canada
摘要：Public investment in infrastructure may help create agglomeration economics, by attracting mobile factors such as skilled labour. Competition among regions in public investment can then be destructive. This paper analyzes the Nash equilibria to a simple model of public input competition. Even though the regions are assumed identical, the equilibrium may not be symmetric. The problem with non-cooperative behaviour is not (only) that regions invest too much, but that too many regions may choose ...
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作者：Fullerton, D; Wolverton, A
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; United States Environmental Protection Agency
摘要：Standard Pigovian tax theory has been extended in two directions. First, many polluting activities are difficult to tax because they are not market transactions, and so recent papers have shown that the same effects can be achieved by use of a two-part instrument (2PI): a tax on output or income and a subsidy for clean alternatives to pollution. It is a generalization of a deposit-refund system (DRS). Second, a different literature concerns the second-best pollution tax in the presence of othe...
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作者：Boadway, R; Thisse, J; Weber, S
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作者：Peñalosa, CG; Turnovsky, SJ
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
摘要：As commercial integration reduces the reliance on foreign trade taxation, raising tax revenue has become a major concern for the governments of developing economies. This paper examines how the tax burden in a developing economy should be distributed between capital income and labor income. We study a two-sector model, where the traditional sector is informal and consequently cannot be taxed by the government. In this setup, we find that the optimal (second-best) tax structure in order to rais...
