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作者：Dafny, L; Gruber, J
作者单位：Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：The 1983-1996 period saw enormous expansions in access to public health insurance for low-income children. We explore the impact of these expansions on child hospitalizations. While greater access to inpatient care may increase hospital utilization, improved efficiency of care for children who are also newly eligible for primary care could lower hospitalization rates. We use a large sample of child discharges from the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) to assess the net impact of Medica...
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作者：Ham, JC; Shore-Sheppard, L
作者单位：Williams College; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We examine Medicaid enrollment and private coverage loss following expansions of Medicaid eligibility. We attempt to replicate Cutler and Gruber's [Q. J. Econ. 111 (1996) 391.] results using the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), and find smaller rates of take-up and little evidence of crowding out. We find that some of the difference in results can be attributed to different samples and recall periods in the data sets used. Extending the previous literature, we find that take-...
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作者：Hungerman, DM
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; Duke University
摘要：Churches provide community services similar to those provided by the government, but there has been no convincing analysis of the extent to which church activity can substitute for government activity. To address this important issue, this paper uses a new panel data set of Presbyterian Church (USA) congregations to regress both church-member donations and a church's community spending on a number of variables, including government welfare expenditures. A provision of the 1996 welfare law that...
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作者：Fréchette, G; Kagel, JH; Morelli, M
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; New York University
摘要：The comparative static predictions of the Baron and Ferejohn [Baron, D.P., and Ferejohn, J.A., (1989). Bargaining in legislatures, American Political Science Review 83 (4), 1181-1206] model better organize behavior in legislative bargaining experiments than Gamson's Law. Regressions similar to those employed in field data produce results seemingly in support of Gamson's Law (even when using data generated by simulating agents who behave according to the Baron-Ferejohn model), but this is deter...
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作者：Conde-Ruiz, JI; Galasso, V
作者单位：Bocconi University
摘要：This paper argues that social security enjoys wider political support than other welfare programs because: (i) retirees constitute the most homogeneous voting group, and (ii) the intragenerational redistribution component of social security induces low-income young to support this system. In a dynamically efficient overlapping generation economy with earnings heterogeneity, we show that, for sufficient income inequality and enough elderly in the population, a welfare system composed of a withi...
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作者：Jacob, BA
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The recent federal education bill, No Child Left Behind, requires states to test students in grades 3 to 8 each year and to judge school performance on the basis of these test scores. While intended to maximize student learning, there is little empirical evidence about the effectiveness of such policies. This study examines the impact of an accountability policy implemented in the Chicago Public Schools in 1996-1997. Using a panel of student-level, administrative data, I find that math and rea...
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作者：McMillan, R
作者单位：University of Toronto
摘要：When competition increases, it is often presumed that public schools will be forced to become more efficient. This paper challenges that presumption, showing that in well-defined circumstances, rent-seeking public schools find it optimal to reduce productivity when a voucher is introduced. This occurs for incentive reasons alone. More generally, the productivity effects of vouchers are shown to be non-uniform, varying systematically according to household and community characteristics and the ...
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作者：Bassanini, A; Pouyet, J
作者单位：Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Ecole des Ponts ParisTech; ENSAE Paris; Sapienza University Rome
摘要：The growing importance of inter-network exchanges in infrastructure-based utilities influences regulatory choices and access pricing for downstream services using the networks. We analyze this problem in a setting where the infrastructure managers of two bordering countries are in charge of pricing the access to their networks for downstream transport firms that provide international services. Network costs can be financed through public funds and user charges. In this context, access prices a...
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作者：Kugler, AD
作者单位：University of Houston System; University of Houston; Pompeu Fabra University
摘要：In 1990, Colombia replaced its traditional system of severance payments with a new system of severance payments savings accounts (SPSAs). Although severance payments are often justified on the grounds that they provide insurance against earnings loss, they also increase costs for employers and distort employment decisions. The extent of these distortions depends largely on how much of the costs of severance pay can be shifted from employers to workers. One reason why the effects of severance p...
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作者：Cullen, JB; Jacob, BA; Levitt, SD
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; Harvard University; University of Chicago
摘要：We explore the impact of school choice on student outcomes in the context of open enrollment within the Chicago Public Schools (CPS). Roughly half of the students opt out of their assigned high school to attend a different CPS school, and these students are much more likely than those who remain in their assigned schools to graduate. To determine the source of this apparent benefit, we compare outcomes across (i) similar students with differential access to schooling options and (ii) travelers...
