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作者：Huber, Bernd; Runkel, Marco
作者单位：University of Munich
摘要：Empirical evidence from the U.S. and the European Union suggests that regions which contribute to interregional redistribution face weaker borrowing constraints than regions which benefit from interregional redistribution. This paper presents an argument in favor of such differentiated budget institutions. It develops a two period model of a federation consisting of two types of regions. The federal government redistributes from one type of regions (contributors) to the other type (recipients)...
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作者：Adams, Scott; Cotti, Chad
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Milwaukee; University of Wisconsin System
摘要：Using geographic variation in local and state smoke-free bar laws in the US, we observe an increase in fatal accidents involving alcohol following bans on smoking in bars that is not observed in places without bans. Although an increased accident risk might seem surprising at first, two strands of literature on consumer behavior suggest potential explanations - smokers driving longer distances to a bordering jurisdiction that allows smoking in bars and smokers driving longer distances within t...
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作者：Chakrabarti, Rajashri
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York
摘要：The Milwaukee voucher program, as implemented in 1990, allowed only non-sectarian private schools to participate in the program. Following a Wisconsin Supreme Court ruling, the program saw a major shift and entered into its second phase, when religious private schools were allowed to participate for the first time in 1998. This led to more than a three-fold increase in the number of private schools and almost a four-fold increase in the number of choice students. Moreover, due to some changes ...
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作者：Fernandez, Raquel; Levy, Gilat
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; National Bureau of Economic Research; New York University
摘要：In this paper we analyze the interaction of income and preference heterogeneity in a political economy framework. We ask whether the presence of preference heterogeneity (arising, for example, from different ethnic groups or geographic locations) affects the ability of the poor to extract resources from the rich. We study the equilibrium of a game in which coalitions Of individuals form parties, parties propose platforms, and all individuals vote, with the winning policy chosen by plurality. P...
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作者：Han, Seungjin; Leach, John
作者单位：McMaster University
摘要：This paper develops a model in which competing governments offer financial incentives to induce individual firms to locate within their jurisdictions. Equilibrium is described under three specifications of the supplementary taxes. There is no misallocation of capital under two of these specifications, and there might or might not be capital misallocation under the third. This result contrasts strongly with that of the standard tax competition model, which does not allow governments to treat fi...
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作者：Grossman, Gene M.; Helpman, Elhanan
作者单位：Princeton University; Harvard University
摘要：We study budget formation in a model featuring separation of powers. In our model, the legislature designs a budget bill that can include a cap on total spending and earmarked allocations to designated public projects. Each project provides random benefits to one of many interest groups. The legislature can delegate spending decisions to an executive agency that can observe the productivity of all projects before choosing which to fund. However, the ruling coalition in the legislature and the ...
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作者：Vanberg, Christoph
作者单位：Max Planck Society
摘要：Arguably the most important campaign finance regulations in U.S. federal elections are limits imposed on individual campaign contributions. One of the principal arguments in support of these contribution limits has been that they equalize the influence of individual donors and thereby cause candidates' aggregate financial resources to more accurately reflect public support. I construct a formal model to evaluate this argument. The analysis shows that a necessary condition for it to apply is th...
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作者：da Costa, Carlos E.; Severo, Tiago
作者单位：Getulio Vargas Foundation
摘要：This paper characterizes optimal income taxes and human capital policies in a two period Mirrlees economy. Agents, differentiated by their preferences at birth, invest in human capital not knowing in advance the returns of such investment. Clear cut prescriptions are not always possible even when we focus on specific assumptions about the relative importance of heterogeneity at birth and heterogeneity that arises later in life. Yet, we are still able to identify which combinations of policies ...
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作者：Boadway, Robin; Buettner, Thiess; Wildasin, David E.
作者单位：Queens University - Canada; University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Kentucky; University of Kentucky
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作者：Lavy, Victor
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; University of London; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Schools and teachers are often said to be a source of stereotypes that harm girls. This paper tests for the existence of gender stereotyping and discrimination by public high-school teachers in Israel. It uses a natural experiment based on blind and non-blind scores that students receive on matriculation exams in their senior year. Using data on test results in several subjects in the humanities and sciences, I found, contrary to expectations, that male students face discrimination in each sub...
