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作者：Andrabi, Tahir; Das, Jishnu; Khwaja, Asim Ijaz
作者单位：Claremont Colleges; Pomona College; The World Bank; Harvard University
摘要：With an estimated one hundred fifteen million children not attending primary school in the developing world, increasing access to education is critical. This paper highlights a supply-side factor - the availability of low-cost teachers - and the resulting ability of the market to offer affordable education. We first show that private schools are three times more likely to emerge in villages with government girls' secondary schools (GSSs). Identification is obtained by using official school con...
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作者：Schwerdt, Guido; West, Martin R.
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：We use statewide administrative data from Florida to estimate the impact of attending public schools with different grade configurations on student achievement through grade 10. Based on an instrumental variable estimation strategy, we find that students moving from elementary to middle school suffer a sharp drop in student achievement in the transition year. These achievement drops persist through grade 10. We also find that middle school entry increases student absences and is associated wit...
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作者：Kondo, Ayako; Shigeoka, Hitoshi
作者单位：Hosei University; Simon Fraser University
摘要：We investigate the effects of a massive expansion in health insurance coverage on health care utilization and supply-side responses, by focusing on universal health insurance introduced in Japan in 1961. There are two major findings. First, health care utilization (measured in terms of admissions, inpatient days, and outpatient visits to hospitals) increased significantly. Second, we also find a supply response but the size of the supply response differs across service types: while the number ...
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作者：Telle, Kjetil
作者单位：Statistics Norway
摘要：Relying on a small natural field experiment conducted by the Norwegian Environmental Protection Agency, I estimate effects of three fundamental elements of most monitoring and enforcement practices: self-reporting, audit frequency and specific deterrence. I find evidence of under-reporting of violations in firms' self-audits, as more violations are detected in on-site audits than in self-audits. Announcing the increased audit frequency has no effect on firms' compliance, but an audit raises su...
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作者：Hepburn, Cameron J.; Quah, John K. -H.; Ritz, Robert A.
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Oxford; University of Cambridge; University of Cambridge
摘要：This paper examines the impact of an emissions trading scheme (ETS) on equilibrium emissions, output, price, market concentration, and profits in a generalized Cournot model. We develop formulae for the number of emissions permits that have to be freely allocated to firms to neutralize the profit impact of the ETS. We show that its profit impact is usually limited: in a Cournot oligopoly with constant marginal costs, total industry profits are preserved so long as freely allocated permits cove...
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作者：Anderberg, Dan; Rainer, Helmut
作者单位：University of London; Royal Holloway University London; University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：While research on domestic abuse in economics has to date almost exclusively focused on physical violence, research in other disciplines has documented that abusive males frequently also use sabotage tactics to interfere with the employability and job performance of the victim. This paper puts forward a theoretical framework that rationalizes why men may use labor market sabotage instrumentally to thwart their partners' training or career efforts. The model predicts a non-monotonic relationshi...
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作者：Golosov, Mikhail; Troshkin, Maxim; Tsyvinski, Aleh; Weinzierl, Matthew
作者单位：Princeton University; Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Cornell University
摘要：We examine a prominent justification for capital income taxation: goods preferred by those with high ability ought to be taxed. In an environment where commodity taxes are allowed to be nonlinear functions of income and consumption, we derive an analytical expression that reveals the forces determining optimal commodity taxation. We then calibrate the model to evidence on the relationship between skills and preferences and extensively examine the quantitative case for taxes on future consumpti...
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作者：Chandra, Piyush; Long, Cheryl
作者单位：Colgate University; Xiamen University
摘要：A destination-based VAT system without a complete export tax rebate is detrimental to a country's exports, while an increase in the VAT rebate rate helps reduce the negative effects. In this paper, we study the role of VAT rebates in affecting Chinese exports using firm-level panel data for 2000-2006. To address potential endogeneity, we rely on a quasi-natural policy experiment in 2004, when the fiscal conditions of local governments became important in determining the actual VAT rebate rates...
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作者：Spinnewijn, Johannes
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：Displaced workers often experience large losses in earnings even a long time after reemployment. Training programs during unemployment mitigate these losses but also affect the unemployed's willingness to search. This paper analyzes how mandatory training programs affect the optimal design of unemployment insurance and how the training intensity should evolve during the unemployment spell. The introduction of training reverses the optimal consumption dynamics during the unemployment spell and ...
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作者：Bennmarker, Helge; Gronqvist, Erik; Ockert, Bjorn
摘要：In many countries welfare services that traditionally have been provided by the public sector are being contracted out to private providers. But are private contractors better at providing these services? We use a randomized experiment to empirically assess the effectiveness of contracting out employment services to private placement agencies. Our results show that unemployed at private placement agencies have a closer interaction with their case worker than unemployed at the Public Employment...
