-
作者：Grosser, Jens; Reuben, Ernesto
作者单位：State University System of Florida; Florida State University; Institute for Advanced Study - USA; Columbia University; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We study the interaction between competitive markets and income redistribution that reallocates unequal pre-tax market incomes away from the rich to the poor majority. In one setup, participants earn their income by trading in a double auction (DA) with exogenous zero or full redistribution. In another setup, after trading, they vote on redistributive tax policies in a majoritarian election with two competing candidates. This results in virtually full redistribution, even when participants hav...
-
作者：Gallego, Francisco; Montero, Juan-Pablo; Salas, Christian
作者单位：Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; University of Chicago
摘要：In an effort to reduce air pollution and congestion, Latin American cities have experimented with different policies to persuade drivers to give up their cars in favor of public transport. This paper looks at two of such policies: the driving restriction program introduced in Mexico City in November of 1989-Hoy-No-Circula (HNC)-and the public transport reform carried out in Santiago in February of 2007-Transantiago (TS). Based on hourly concentration records of carbon monoxide, which comes pri...
-
作者：Carruthers, Celeste K.; Wanamaker, Marianne H.
作者单位：University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville
摘要：Long-run labor market inequities are frequently attributed to disparities in primary and secondary school quality, and philanthropists often resort to targeted and tightly conditioned gifts to address these quality disparities. We match data on the Rosenwald Schools Program, an early 20th century initiative aimed at the Southern black-white school quality gap, to newly assembled data on local school districts and measure the impact of Rosenwald gifts on African-American public school resources...
-
作者：Meng, Lingsheng
作者单位：Tsinghua University
摘要：This paper evaluates the impact of the 8-7 Plan, the second wave of China's poverty alleviation program, on rural income growth at the county level over the program's disbursement period, from 1994 to 2000. Program participation was largely determined by whether a county's pre-program income fell below a given poverty line; hence, a regression discontinuity approach is employed to estimate the causal effects of the program. Using a panel data set, we find that the 8-7 Plan resulted in an appro...
-
作者：Ekberg, John; Eriksson, Rickard; Friebel, Guido
作者单位：Goethe University Frankfurt; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Many governments are making attempts to increase fathers' share of parental leave in order to correct for unequal labor market outcomes. Using Swedish data, we ask whether fathers can be encouraged to take more parental leave in order to mitigate the negative consequences of mothers' career interruptions. The unique data stem from a reform of parental leave, resulting in a clean natural experiment. Data comprise all children born before (control group) and after (treatment group) the date of i...
-
作者：Cremer, Helmuth; Roeder, Kerstin
作者单位：Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics; University of Munich
摘要：This paper examines whether myopia (misperception of the old age dependency risk) and private insurance market loading costs can justify public long-term care (LTC) provision and/or the subsidization of private insurance. Individuals differ in dependency risk, productivity and degree of risk misperception. The former two are positively correlated (because of the longevity factor) and social insurance tends to be regressive. A first-best solution requires subsidization of private insurance and/...
-
作者：Bonnet, Celine; Requillart, Vincent
作者单位：Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics; INRAE; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics; INRAE
摘要：Because soft drink (SD) consumption is considered to be a contributor to the 'epidemic' of obesity, there is a growing interest in evaluating the impact on SD consumption of alternative tax policies. In this paper, we propose a methodology to evaluate the impact of taxation of a food market taking into account the strategic price response of both manufacturers and retailers. We apply this methodology to the French SD market and simulate the impacts of ad valorem and excise taxes. We find that ...
-
作者：Burgess, Simon; Wilson, Deborah; Worth, Jack
作者单位：University of Bristol; University of Bristol
摘要：We test the hypothesis that the abolition of school performance tables negatively affects school effectiveness. Our data allow us to implement a classic difference-in-difference analysis comparing outcomes in England and Wales, before and after the abolition of the tables in Wales. We find significant and robust evidence that this reform markedly reduced school effectiveness in Wales relative to England. There is significant heterogeneity across schools: schools in the top quartile of the leag...
-
作者：Onderstal, Sander; Schram, Arthur J. H. C.; Soetevent, Adriaan R.
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; Tinbergen Institute; University of Groningen
摘要：In a door-to-door fundraising field experiment, we study the impact of fundraising mechanisms on charitable giving. We approached about 4500 households, each participating in an all-pay auction, a lottery, a non-anonymous voluntary contribution mechanism (VCM), or an anonymous VCM. In contrast to the VCMs, households in the all-pay auction and the lottery competed for a prize. Although the all-pay auction is the superior fundraising mechanism both in theory and in the laboratory, it did not ra...
-
作者：Wiswall, Matthew
作者单位：Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe
摘要：An extensive literature finds that while teachers vary considerably in initial quality there are limited teacher quality dynamics: except for the first few years of teaching, teacher quality does not improve over the course of a teacher's career. This study evaluates the importance of various modeling restrictions to the key findings of this literature. Using data covering all 5th grade public school teachers from the state of North Carolina, I replicate the findings of the previous literature...
