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作者：Kerkhof, Anna; Muenster, Johannes
作者单位：University of Cologne
摘要：We study the welfare effect of a quantity restriction on advertising in free-to-air television (and other advertising financed media) in the presence of commercial media bias. Broadcasters face a trade-off between increasing the number of viewers by sending content that is highly valued by viewers, and increasing the price of advertising by choosing advertiser friendly content. A cap on advertising drives the per-viewer price of ads up; thus, content improves for viewers. Therefore, the cap ca...
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作者：Denter, Philipp; Sisak, Dana
作者单位：Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Tinbergen Institute
摘要：We explore how public opinion polls affect candidates' campaign spending in political competition. Generally, polls lead to (more) asymmetric behavior. Under a majority rule, there always exists an equilibrium in which the initially more popular candidate invests more in the campaign and thereby increases her lead in expectation: polls create momentum. When campaigning is very effective and the race is very close, a second type of equilibrium may exist: The trailing candidate outspends and ove...
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作者：Lim, Claire S. H.; Snyder, James M., Jr.
作者单位：Cornell University; Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We investigate the influence of electoral rules on voting behavior and the quality of judges, using newly collected data on judicial elections and ratings from 39 U.S. states. We find that in partisan elections, where candidates' party affiliations are listed on the ballot, party drives voting behavior and candidate quality has little effect on outcomes. In nonpartisan elections, where party affiliation is not on the ballot, party has a much smaller influence on voting behavior and candidate q...
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作者：Filiz-Ozbay, Emel; Guryan, Jonathan; Hyndman, Kyle; Kearney, Melissa; Ozbay, Erkut Y.
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Texas System; University of Texas Dallas
摘要：This paper presents the results of a laboratory experiment designed to investigate whether the option of a Prize Linked Savings (PLS) product alters the likelihood that subjects choose to delay payment. By comparing PLS and standard savings products in a controlled way, we find strong evidence that a PLS payment option leads to greater rates of payment deferral than does a straightforward interest payment option of the same expected value. The appeal of the PLS option is strongest among men an...
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作者：Swensen, Isaac D.
作者单位：Montana State University System; Montana State University Bozeman
摘要：Drug-overdose deaths, which have more than doubled over the past decade, represent a growing public-health concern. Though substance-abuse treatment may be effective in reducing drug abuse, evidence for a causal effect of treatment on drug-related mortality is lacking. I analyze the effect of substance-abuse treatment on mortality by exploiting county-level variation in treatment facilities driven by facility openings and closings. The estimates indicate that a 10% increase in facilities lower...
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作者：Depetris-Chauvin, Emilio
作者单位：Universidad de los Andes (Colombia)
摘要：Using monthly data constructed from futures markets on presidential election outcomes and a novel proxy for firearm purchases, this paper analyzes the response of the demand for guns to the likelihood of Barack Obama being elected in 2008. Point estimate suggests the existence of a large Obama effect on the demand for guns. This political effect is larger than the effect associated with the worsening economic conditions. This paper presents robust empirical evidence supporting the hypothesis t...
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作者：Blundell, Richard; Graber, Michael; Mogstad, Magne
作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of Chicago; Statistics Norway
摘要：What do labor income dynamics look like over the life-cycle? What is the relative importance of persistent shocks, transitory shocks and heterogeneous profiles? To what extent do taxes, transfers and the family attenuate these various factors in the evolution of life-cycle inequality? In this paper, we use rich Norwegian population panel data to answer these important questions. We let individuals with different education levels have a separate income process; and within each skill group, we a...
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作者：Galindo-Silva, Hector
摘要：In many democracies, increasing political competition has changed the traditional party system and brought new parties into the political arena. This study examines whether the presence of politicians from new parties affects the size of government (measured by public spending and tax revenue). The study focuses on Colombian municipalities, where new parties have been numerous and successful in recent years. Regression discontinuity estimates show that public spending and tax revenues are sign...
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作者：van Benthem, Arthur
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania
摘要：When choosing his speed, a driver faces a trade-off between private benefits (time savings) and private costs (fuel cost and own damage and injury). Driving faster also has external costs (pollution, adverse health impacts and injury to other drivers). This paper uses large-scale speed limit increases in the western United States in 1987 and 1996 to address three related questions. First, do the social benefits of raising speed limits exceed the social costs? Second, do the private benefits of...
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作者：Koehne, Sebastian; Kuhn, Moritz
作者单位：Stockholm University; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Bonn; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：This paper studies habit formation in consumption preferences in a dynamic Mirrlees economy. We derive optimal labor and savings wedges based on a recursive approach. We show that habit formation creates a motive for subsidizing labor supply and savings. In particular, habit formation invalidates the well-known no distortion at the top result. We demonstrate that the theoretical findings are quantitatively important: in a parametrized life-cycle model, average labor and savings wedges fall by ...
