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作者：Balafoutas, Loukas; Beck, Adrian; Kerschbamer, Rudolf; Sutter, Matthias
作者单位：University of Innsbruck; University of Innsbruck; University of Cologne
摘要：We experimentally examine the impact of tax evasion attempts on the performance of credence goods markets, where contractual incompleteness results from asymmetric information on the welfare maximizing quality of the goods. Our results suggest that tax evasion attempts - independently of whether they are successful or not - lead to efficiency losses in the form of too low quality and less frequent trade. Thus, shadow economies may reduce welfare not only by inducing agents to incur costs to hi...
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作者：Holland, Stephen P.; Yates, Andrew J.
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Greensboro; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
摘要：We demonstrate a novel method for improving the efficiency of pollution permit markets by optimizing the exchange of emissions through trade. Under full-information, it is optimal for emissions to exchange according to the ratio of marginal damages. Under asymmetric information, we derive necessary conditions for the marginal damage trading ratios to be optimal, illustrate that the marginal damage trading ratios are generally not optimal, and show how to improve efficiency using optimal tradin...
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作者：Costello, Christopher; Querou, Nicolas; Tomini, Agnes
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; Universite de Montpellier; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute for Humanities & Social Sciences (INSHS); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Aix-Marseille Universite
摘要：We examine the efficiency, distributional, and environmental consequences of assigning spatial property rights to part of a spatially-connected natural resource while the remainder is competed for by an open access fringe. We refer to this as partial enclosure of the commons. We obtain sharp analytical results regarding partial enclosure of the commons including: (1) While second best, it typically improves welfare relative to no property rights, (2) all resource users can be made better off, ...
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作者：Vegh, Carlos A.; Vuletin, Guillermo
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Brookings Institution
摘要：We provide a novel explanation for the flypaper effect based on insurance arguments. In our model, the flypaper effect arises due to the differential response of precautionary savings to private income or fiscal transfers shocks in an uncertain world with incomplete markets. The model generates two testable implications: (i) the flypaper effect is a decreasing function of the correlation between fiscal transfers and private income, and (ii) such relationship is stronger the higher is the volat...
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作者：Swee, Eik Leong
作者单位：University of Melbourne
摘要：The partitioning of political jurisdictions is becoming an increasingly common component of agreements to end ethnic conflict, although its impact on post-conflict recovery remains unclear. This paper studies the effects of the partition which ended the 1992-1995 Bosnian War on the post-war provision of public schooling. I find that partitioned municipalities provide 58% more primary schools and 37% more teachers (per capita). Driven mainly by convergent preferences for ethnically oriented sch...
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作者：Duflo, Esther; Dupas, Pascaline; Kremer, Michael
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Stanford University; Harvard University; National Center Atmospheric Research (NCAR) - USA
摘要：Some education policymakers focus on bringing down pupil-teacher ratios. Others argue that resources will have limited impact without systematic reforms to education governance, teacher incentives, and pedagogy. We examine a program under which school committees at randomly selected Kenyan schools were funded to hire an additional teacher on an annual contract renewable conditional on performance, outside normal Ministry of Education civil-service channels, at one-quarter normal compensation l...
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作者：Hanna, Rema; Oliva, Paulina
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara
摘要：Moderate effects of pollution on health may exert important influences on work. We exploit exogenous variation in pollution due to the closure of a large refinery in Mexico City to understand how pollution impacts labor supply. The closure led to a 19.7% decline in pollution, as measured by SO2, in the surrounding neighborhoods. The closure led to a 13 h (or 3.5%) increase in work hours per week. The effects do not appear to be driven by differential labor demand shocks nor selective migration...
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作者：Calabrese, Stephen; Epple, Dennis; Romano, Richard
作者单位：Qatar Foundation (QF); Carnegie Mellon University in Qatar; Carnegie Mellon University; National Bureau of Economic Research; State University System of Florida; University of Florida
摘要：We examine majority choice of tax instruments in an economy with heterogeneous households. In our framework majority voting equilibrium exists despite the multidimensional policy choice set. We examine single and multi-jurisdictional economies. We identify five competing incentives that influence choice of tax instruments. Equilibria generally entail a mixture of tax types. With multiple jurisdictions, strong reliance on head taxation in rich communities arises to deter poorer households from ...
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作者：Jacobsen, Grant D.
作者单位：University of Oregon
摘要：The growth of the Internet has led to a dramatic increase in the number of consumer or user product ratings, which are posted online by individuals who have consumed a good, and are available to other individuals as they make decisions about which products to purchase. These ratings have the potential to substantially improve the match between products and consumers, however the extent to which they do so likely depends on whether the ratings reflect actual consumer experiences. This paper eva...
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作者：Behaghel, Luc; Lorenceau, Adrien; Quantin, Simon
作者单位：Paris School of Economics; INRAE; Paris School of Economics
摘要：This paper analyzes a tax credit program targeted at rural areas in France, including temporary and permanent wage subsidies on different types of jobs. We find no impact of the program on employment and wages, pointing to the absence of labor demand response. Comparison with a contemporaneous urban scheme suggests ways that the incentives of the rural program could be targeted more effectively. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
