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作者：Acemoglu, D
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：This article develops a model of noncompetitive labor markets in which high-wage (good) and low-wage (bad) jobs co-exist. Minimum wages and unemployment benefits shift the composition of employment toward high-wage jobs. Because the composition of jobs in the laissez-faire equilibrium is inefficiently biased toward low-wage jobs, these labor market regulations increase average labor productivity and may improve welfare.
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作者：Bloemen, HG; Stancanelli, EGF
作者单位：Tilburg University; Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD)
摘要：We investigate the relationship between financial wealth, reservation wages, and labor market transitions. Wealth is assumed to affect the level of the reservation wage and the employment probability. We test for the validity of this assumption by estimating a simultaneous-equations model of reservation wages, labor market transitions, and wealth. The data used for the analysis relate to a sample of unemployed job searchers. We use subjective information on the reservation wage. Wealth is foun...
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作者：Auld, MC; Emery, JCH; Gordon, DV; McClintock, D
作者单位：University of Calgary
摘要：In this article, we measure the impact of on-site safety inspections on the frequency of work-related injury and death in the Alberta construction sector, 1987-92. The data are disaggregated by subindustry allowing different risk levels to be associated with different work activities. In our sample, there is a dramatic decrease in inspection activity which alows us to assess the necessity for continuing with current levels of inspection effort. We find that on-site safety inspections have no e...
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作者：Calmfors, L
作者单位：Stockholm University
摘要：Monetary union, such as the Economic and Monetary Union in Europe (EMU), may affect incentives for labor market reform, and thus equilibrium unemployment, through several mechanisms. If an inflation bias exists, there is usually a stronger incentive to reduce equilibrium unemployment through national reform outside rather than inside the EMU. Absent such a bias, EMU membership could lead to more reform. One reason is that reform may increase wage flexibility, which can substitute for monetary ...
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作者：Asch, BJ; Warner, JT
作者单位：RAND Corporation; Clemson University
摘要：A large literature attempts to explain compensation and personnel policies in large organizations. Three features of the U.S. military system-flat rank spreads in pay, a relatively generous pension, and heavy reliance on up-or-out promotions-are at variance with common practices in large civilian organizations. This article develops a model of individual decision making in a large, hierarchical organization and uses the model to explain these apparent puzzles. The lack of lateral entry and het...
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作者：Wallace, FH
作者单位：Universidad de Guanajuato
摘要：Empirical studies of the relation between uncertainty and the length of union-firm contracts have focused on the effects of inflation, money-supply, or industry-specific uncertainty. This article describes two extensions of previous work. First, real, aggregate uncertainty arising from oil shocks is incorporated into a contract-duration model. Oil shocks significantly affect contract length in seven of 21 U.S. manufacturing industries. Second, the model is used to test whether the duration of ...
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作者：Chan, SW; Stevens, AH
作者单位：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Yale University
摘要：This article uses data from the Health and Retirement Study to examine the employment patterns of workers aged 50 and above who have experienced an involuntary job loss. Hazard models for returning to work and for exiting postdisplacement employment are estimated and used to examine work patterns for 10 years following a job loss. Our findings show that a job loss results in large and lasting effects on future employment probabilities. Four years after job losses at age 55, the employment rate...
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作者：Knez, M; Simester, D
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：In February 1995 Continental Airlines introduced an incentive scheme that promised monthly bonuses to all 35,000 hourly employees if the company achieved a firm-wide performance goal. Conventional wisdom suggests that free riding will render such schemes ineffective. We present evidence indicating that the incentive scheme raised employee performance despite the apparent threat of free riding. To explain why the scheme may have been effective we argue that the organization of employees into au...
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作者：Light, A
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
摘要：Students often accumulate substantial work experience before leaving school. Because conventional earnings functions do not control for in-school work experience, their estimates of the return to schooling include the benefit of work experience gained along the way. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, I estimate wage models with and without controls for in-school work experience. The estimated schooling coefficients are 25%-44% higher (depending on how I control for abil...
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作者：Weinberg, BA
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
摘要：Exploiting long term interindustry demand shifts, this article provides evidence that (1) industry-level wages do not respond to industry demand conditions; (2) at the industry level, the employment of young workers responds more to demand shifts than does the employment of experienced workers; and (3) the postdisplacement wages of displaced workers are strongly affected by demand in their predisplacement industries. These findings are consistent with a model in which worker's investments in i...
