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作者：Burgess, S; Lane, J; Stevens, D
作者单位：University of Bristol; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; American University; Stockholm University; University System of Maryland; University of Baltimore
摘要：We utilize a large employer-level panel dataset to explore the links between gross job flows and gross worker flows. Our findings have relevance for models of job creation and job destruction, and labor reallocation. We find churning flows (the difference between worker and job flows at the level of the employer) to be high, pervasive, and highly persistent within employers, suggesting that they arise as a correlate of an equilibrium personnel policy. We find the dynamic relationship between j...
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作者：Carroll, R; Holtz-Eakin, D; Rider, M; Rosen, HS
作者单位：United States Department of the Treasury; Syracuse University; University System of Georgia; Georgia State University; Princeton University
摘要：We investigate the effect of entrepreneurs' personal taxes on their use of labor, analyze the tax returns of sole proprietors before and after the Tart Reform Act of 1986, and determine how the substantial reductions in marginal tax rates affected their hiring decisions and wage bills. Individual income taxes exert a statistically and quantitatively significant influence on the probability of hiring workers. Raising the entrepreneur's tax price by 10% raises the mean probability of hiring by a...
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作者：Devereux, PJ
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：In this article, I evaluate the hypothesis that firms respond to negative demand shocks by assigning workers to tasks that require less skill than the tasks they normally carry out. Using changes in employment in state-industry cells as a measure of demand conditions facing individual firms, I provide evidence in favor of the hypothesis. Furthermore, the skill requirements of the tasks carried out by workers are procyclical. The results are consistent with a specific capital model where employ...
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作者：Dunn, T; Holtz-Eakin, D
作者单位：Syracuse University
摘要：We use data from the National Longitudinal Surveys to investigate the relative importance of family financial and human capital in the transition into self-employment. Specifically, we estimate the impacts of individual's own wealth and human capital and parental wealth and self-employment experience on the probability that an individual transits from wage-and-salary to self-employment. We find young men's own financial assets exert a statistically significant but quantitatively modest effect ...
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作者：Carmichael, HL; MacLeod, WB
作者单位：Queens University - Canada; University of Southern California
摘要：Workers paid by the piece should be happy to introduce new techniques that increase output, but firms always seem to reduce the piece rate when workers start earning too much money. Workers respond by restricting output and keeping good new ideas to themselves. We show that this outcome is inevitable in a competitive environment. However, there are noncompetitive situations where firms can use piece rates to get cooperation from their workers. These predictions are consistent with case history...
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作者：Seltzer, A; Merrett, D
作者单位：University of London; Royal Holloway University London; University of Melbourne
摘要：This article uses personnel, payroll, and other records from the Union Bank of Australia to examine internal labor markets. It is shown that employment was characterized by limited ports of entry, impersonal rules for pay and promotion, well-defined career ladders, shielding from the external labor market, and a long-term employment relationship. In addition tenure within the bank was rewarded considerably more than experience elsewhere, and compensation increased considerably after 25-30 year...
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作者：Cook, MD; Evans, WN
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：Differences in test scores of white and black students have narrowed substantially over time, falling by one-half since 1970s. Some have speculated that this convergence is due to changes in family background or convergence in school quality. In this article we decompose the convergence in test scores into that portion due to changes in parental education, changes in school quality, and a narrowing of the within-school gap in test scores. Only about 25% of the overall convergence is attributab...
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作者：Zavodny, M
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA
摘要：Workers with limited English skills may suffer adverse effects when states declare English the official language. If employers believe official English laws allow or require them to adopt workplace English-only rules that lower the demand for limited-English-proficient workers, such laws may harm individuals who do not speak English well, rising data from the 1980 and 1990 censuses, I estimate whether the earnings of limited-English-proficient workers who live in states that adopted official E...
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作者：Hamilton, J; Thisse, JF; Zenou, Y
作者单位：State University System of Florida; University of Florida; Universite Catholique Louvain; University of Maine System; University of Maine Orono
摘要：We study imperfect competition in the labor market when both workers and firms are heterogeneous. When firms cannot observe workers' skill, firms pay workers equal wages, but workers absorb training costs. When firms can identify worker types, firms pay different net wages to different workers. Voters select the level of general education that is financed by a lump-sum tax. Workers are on average better off when firms can observe workers' skill for a given level of general human capital, but t...
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作者：Costa, DL
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：I investigate how the relationship between the wage and the length of the work day has changed since the 1890s among prime-aged men and women. I find that across wage deciles, within wage deciles, and within industry and occupation groups, the most highly paid worked fewer hours than the lowest paid in the 1890s but that by 1973 differences in hours worked were small and by 1991 the highest paid worked the longest day. I examine several explanations for the compression in the length of the wor...
